Mary Stuart

Mary married William II Of Orange in 1641. William (son of Frederick Henry Of Orange and Amalia Of Solms-Braunfels) was born in 1626; died in 1650. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

1. William III Stuart King Of England was born on 14 Nov 1650 in The Hague, Netherlands; died on 19 Mar 1702 in Kensington Palace, London, England.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Category: English Royalty - House of Stuart

Notes:

Acceded 1625-1649.

Charles I (reigned 1625-49) was a shy, aloof man who lacked the qualities necessary to make him a successful ruler. Parliament refused to grant him taxes for his wars against France and Spain and he raised money by other means such as forced loans. His third Parliament criticised his management of the wars and condemned his illegal taxation, whereupon he dissolved Parliament and for the next 11 years governed without it.

In 1640 Charles was forced to call Parliament to pay for his war against the Scots on whom he was trying to impose an Anglican prayer book. Parliament overturned many of Charles's policies but had no wish to overthrow the King. However, Charles's attempt to arrest five leading members of the House of Commons, and a Roman Catholic rebellion in Ireland (which sharpened the debate over the command of the army) helped to push the King and Parliament apart. In 1642 civil war broke out.

By 1647 the King's army had been defeated. Attempts were made to reach a settlement but after Charles's escape and a renewal of the war, the leaders of the Parliamentary army determined that the King should be put on trial. In January 1649 he was tried for waging war on his people, condemned to death and executed at Whitehall in London.

Charles married Henrietta Maria De Bourbon, De France on 13 Jun 1625 in St Augustine's Church, Canterbury, England. Henrietta (daughter of Henry IV France King Of France and Marguerite De France) was born on 26 Nov 1609 in Hotel Du Louvre, Paris, France; died on 31 Aug 1669 in Chateau St Colombes, Paris France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Category: English Royalty - House of Stuart
• Name: James King Of Scotland VI

Notes:

Acceded England 1603-1625. Also Scotland 1567-1625.

James I (reigned 1603-25), son of Mary, Queen of Scots (and descended from Henry VII's daughter Margaret), had been King of Scotland for 36 years, when he became King of England. Although he was King of both countries, James's attempt to create a full governmental union proved premature. An able theologian, he ordered a new translation of the Bible which became known as the Authorised King James's Version of the Bible. James himself was fairly tolerant in terms of religious faith, but the Gunpowder Plot (an attempt by Guy Fawkes and other Roman Catholic conspirators to blow up the Houses of Parliament) in 1605 resulted in the reimposition of strict penalties on Roman Catholics. As an arts patron, James employed the architect Inigo Jones to build the present Banqueting House in Whitehall, and the post of Poet Laureate dates from his reign.
Although he believed that kings took their authority from God, James accepted that his actions were subject to the law. Unable, like many of his predecessors, to put royal finances on a sound footing, James was often in dispute with his Parliaments. A proposed 'Great Contract' (1610), under which Parliament would provide a regular income to the Crown to meet government costs and maintain the navy and army, in exchange for modifying the monarch's fundraising, came to nothing. The Addled Parliament of 1614 lasted eight weeks. The outbreak of the Thirty Years War (1618-48) in Europe spread, and financial pressures forced James in 1621 to summon Parliament, but when the House of Commons tried to debate wider aspects of foreign policy and asserted their right to discuss any subject, James dissolved it. A further Parliament, summoned in 1624, failed to resolve foreign policy questions. On James's death in 1625, the kingdom was on the edge of war with Spain.

James married Anna Oldenburg, Of Denmark on 23 Nov 1589 in Oslo, Norway. Anna (daughter of Frederick King Of Denmark, Of Denmark\Norway II and Sophia Von Mecklenburg-Gustrow) was born on 14 Oct 1574 in Skanderborg Castle, Denmark; died on 2 Mar 1619 in Hampton Court Palace. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Henry married Marguerite De France. Marguerite was born in 1553; died in 1615. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Henry married Mary Stuart Queen Of Scotland on 29 Jul 1565 in Edinburgh, Scotland. Mary (daughter of James King Of Scotland, V and Mary De Lorraine) was born on 7 Dec 1542 in Linlithgow, Scotland; died on 8 Feb 1587 in Frotheringhay Castle, Northamptonshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Acceded Scotland 1542-1567. Executed 1587.

Frederick married Sophia Von Mecklenburg-Gustrow on 20 Jul 1572 in Copenhagen, Denmark. Sophia was born on 4 Sep 1557 in Wismar; died on 4 Oct 1631 in Nykobing. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]