Alfonso X The Wise King Of Castile & LeÛn

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Acceded: 1252 As King Of Castile And Leon.; Fact 1
• Fact 2: Also Became King Of The Romans.; Fact 2
• Fact 3: Aka "The Learned".; Fact 3
• Fact 4: Competed For The Empire.; Fact 4

Notes:

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Child 1: , Berenguela, Nun, b. BEF 6 DEC 1253
Child 2: , Beatriz of Castile, Infanta of Castile, b. DEC 1254
Child 3: de la Cerda, Fernando, Infant of Castile, b. AFT DEC 1255
Child 4: , Leonor, b. ABT 1256
Child 5: , Sancho_IV_the_Fierce of Castile, King of Castile & LeÛn, b. 12 MAY 1258
Child 6: , Constanza, b. ABT 1259
Child 7: , Pedro of Castile, sn de Ledesma, b. BEF JUN 1261
Child 8: , Juan of Castile, Infant of Castile, b. BEF APR 1264
Child 9: , Isabel, b. ABT 1265
Child 10: , Violante, b. ABT 1266
Child 11: , Jaime_(Juan) of Castile, sn de los Cameros, b. BEF 11 AUG 1268

Alfonso married Violante De AragÛn on 26 Nov 1248 in Valladolid. Violante (daughter of I Jaime I The Conqueror King Of Aragon and Yolande (ViolanteJolan) Of Hungary) was born between 1232 and 1236 in Montpellier, Herault, France; died in 1301 in Roncesvalles, Navarra, Spain. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

1. Fernando De La Cerda De Castile was born after Dec 1255; died in Aug 1275 in Ciudad Real.
2. Sancho IV The Fierce King Of Castile & LeÛn was born on 12 May 1258; died in 1295.

Family/Spouse: Mayor (Maria) Guillen De Guzm·n. Mayor was born on Yes, date unknown; died in 1262. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

1. Beatrice Alfonso De Castile was born in 1242; died in 1303.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Acceded: Spain
• Fact 1: Acceded: 1217.; Fact 1
• Fact 2: Buried At The Royal Chapel Cathedral, Seville, Spain.; Fact 2
• Fact 3: Conquered Cordoba & Seville From The Moors.; Fact 3
• Alt. Birth: 5 Aug 1201, Castile, Spain; Alt. Birth
• Alt. Death: 30 May 1252, Seville, Spain; Alt. Death

St. married Beatrice (Elizabeth) Hohenstaufen, Of Swabia on 30 Nov 1219 in Burgos, LeÛn. Beatrice (daughter of Philip II Hohenstaufen Of Holy Roman Emp and Irini Maria Angelina, Of Byzantium) was born in 1198; died in 1235 in Toro. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Acceded: Castile, Leon, Spain
• Fact 1: Acceded: 1188.; Fact 1
• Fact 2: Foamed At The Mouth In Fits Of Rage.; Fact 2

Notes:

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Sources conflict on who Alfonso married and when.
"Ancestral roots of certain American colonists who came to America before 1700", Weis, 1992, seventh edition.
"The Lineage and Ancestry of HRH Prince Charles", Gerald Paget.
"Plantagenet Ancestry", Turton.
"Royal Highness, Ancestry of the Royal Child", Moncreiffe.
"Europaische Stammtafeln", Isenburg.
"De Ayala of Castile, The Augustan".
"Pedigrees from Mike Talbot of Metairie, LA".
Acceded: Castile, Leon, Spain[large-G675.FTW]

Sources conflict on who Alfonso married and when.
"Ancestral roots of certain American colonists who came to America before 1700", Weis, 1992, seventh edition.
"The Lineage and Ancestry of HRH Prince Charles", Gerald Paget.
"Plantagenet Ancestry", Turton.
"Royal Highness, Ancestry of the Royal Child", Moncreiffe.
"Europaische Stammtafeln", Isenburg.
"De Ayala of Castile, The Augustan".
"Pedigrees from Mike Talbot of Metairie, LA".
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Sources conflict on who Alfonso married and when.
"Ancestral roots of certain American colonists who came to America before 1700", Weis, 1992, seventh edition.
"The Lineage and Ancestry of HRH Prince Charles", Gerald Paget.
"Plantagenet Ancestry", Turton.
"Royal Highness, Ancestry of the Royal Child", Moncreiffe.
"Europaische Stammtafeln", Isenburg.
"De Ayala of Castile, The Augustan".
"Pedigrees from Mike Talbot of Metairie, LA".
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Sources conflict on who Alfonso married and when.
"Ancestral roots of certain American colonists who came to America before 1700", Weis, 1992, seventh edition.
"The Lineage and Ancestry of HRH Prince Charles", Gerald Paget.
"Plantagenet Ancestry", Turton.
"Royal Highness, Ancestry of the Royal Child", Moncreiffe.
"Europaische Stammtafeln", Isenburg.
"De Ayala of Castile, The Augustan".
"Pedigrees from Mike Talbot of Metairie, LA".

Alphonso married Berengaria Alfonsez Queen Of Castile in Oct 1197 in Valladolid, Spain, and was divorced. Berengaria (daughter of Alfonso VIII De Castile King Of Castile and Alianor Plantagenet) was born in Aug 1181 in Segovia, Castile, Spain; died on 8 Nov 1246 in Las Huelgas, Burgos, Castile, Spain. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Heiress Of Castile.; Fact 1

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Baron Of W¸rzburg 1191, Duke Of Spoleto 1195, Duke Of Swabia 1196.; Fact 1
• Fact 2: Acceded: 8 March 1198 As Emperor Of Germany.; Fact 2
• Fact 3: Margrave Of Tuscany.; Fact 3

Notes:

Died:
Murdered by Otto Wittelsbach at Bramburg.

Philip married Irini Maria Angelina, Of Byzantium on 25 May 1197. Irini (daughter of Isaak II Angelus Byzantine Emp) was born in 1184 in Of Constantinople, Turkey; died on 27 Aug 1208. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Acceded: 1157; Fact 1

Ferdinand married Urraca Alfonsez De Portugal Cts De Portugal about Jun 1165. Urraca (daughter of Alfonso I Henriques De King Of Portugal and Matilda De Maurienne, De Savoie) was born in 1151 in Coimbra, Portugal; died on 16 Oct 1188 in Bamba, LeÛn, Spain. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Buried At San Juan Bautista Del Knights Of St. John.; Fact 1
• Fact 2: Infanta DE Portugal.; Fact 2

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Victor At The Battle Of Las Navas DE Tolosa.; Fact 1
• Fact 2: Tolosa Forever Tipped The Iberian Scales In Favor Of The Christians.; Fact 2
• Fact 3: Buried At Cistercian Monastery, Santa Maria La Real, Huelgas, Burgos, Spain.; Fact 3
• Fact 4: Led The Coalition Against The Moorish Almohades.; Fact 4

Notes:

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Alfonso VIII, King of Castile, victor at the battle of Las Navas de
Tolosa, which forever tipped the Iberian scales in favor of the
christians. He married Eleanor, daughter of Henry II of England, and
Eleanor of Aquitaine. In addition to son Enrique I (who d.s.p.) he had
several daughters, including the wife of Louis VIII.

Alfonso married Alianor Plantagenet on 21 Sep 1177 in Burgos, Spain. Alianor (daughter of Henry II Plantagenet De Anjou King Of England and Eleanor De Aquitaine Dss De Aquitaine) was born on 11 Oct 1162 in Falais, Calvados, France Or Domfront, Normandy; died on 31 Oct 1214 in Burgos, Spain. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Emperor Of Germany 1152 (Succeeded His Uncle Konrad Iii). Duke Of Swabia 1147.; Fact 1
• Fact 2: Called Barbarossa Or Red Beard. House Of Hohenstaufen.; Fact 2
• Fact 3: Emperor In 1155. German National Hero.; Fact 3
• Fact 6: (First Victory Of Infantry Over Feudal Cavalry).; Fact 6
• Fact 7: Died On The 3Rd Crusade; Buried Somewhere In The Holy Land.; Fact 7
• Fact 8: Duke Of Alsace & Swabia.; Fact 8
• Fact 5: 1176, Lombard League & Pope Alexander III Defeats Him At Battle Of Legnano.; Fact 5
• Fact 4: 1180, Defeated Henry The Lion, Duke Of Saxony & Bavaria, For Ultimate Power In Germany; Fact 4

Notes:

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Friedrich I, 'Barbarossa' Emperor Of The Holy Roman Empire called Barbarossa or Red Beard, succeeded his uncle Conrad III as king of Germany in 1152. He became Holy Roman Emperor in 1155. The German people admired and respected him as a great national hero. In 1180, he defeated his great rival for power in Germany, Henry the Lion, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria. With the help of loyal princes and an able administration, he enforced his authority in Germany and the Slavic borderlands to the east.

He was less successful in a bitter struggle against Pope Alexander III and the Lombard League of North Italian cities. The League defeated Frederick at the Battle of Legnano in 1176. It was in this battle that foot soldiers recorded their first great victory over feudal cavalry. The Lombard cities forced Frederick to grant them self-government in the Peace of Constance in 1183. The Emperor
started on the Third Crusade to the Holy Land in 1189, but drowned the next year while crossing a river. A German legend, however, says that Barbarossa never really died but is sleeping beside a huge table in the Kyffhauser Mountains. When his beard grows completely around the table, the legend says, he will arise and conquer Germany's enemies.

Frederick I (Holy Roman Empire), called Frederick Barbarossa (1123?-90), Holy Roman emperor and king of Germany (1152-90), king of Italy (1155-90), and as Frederick III, duke of Swabia (1147-52, 1167-68). He was born in Waiblingen, the son of Frederick II of Hohenstaufen, duke of Swabia (1090-1147), and the nephew of Conrad III, king of Germany. Conrad III, favoring Frederick over his own son, on his deathbed recommended to the German princes that Frederick be chosen for the German kingship and the imperial throne. Accordingly, after the death of his uncle in 1152, Frederick Barbarossa was made German king and elected Holy Roman emperor. He conceived of his imperial title as a grant from God, through the German princes, and wished to restore the glory of the Roman Empire. He consequently decided to consolidate the imperial position
in Germany and Italy and began by issuing a general order for peace among the princes of Germany, at the same time granting them extensive concessions. In 1154 he proceeded to Italy, where he received the Lombard crown at Pavia. The following year he was crowned Holy Roman emperor by
Pope Adrian IV, whose authority Frederick had reinstated before his coronation.

In 1156 Pope Adrian aroused Frederick against the papacy by implying in a letter to him that the emperor held lands only as a fief from the pope. Two years later Frederick incurred the hostility of the Lombards by demanding recognition of all his royal rights, including his power to appoint the imperial podesta, or governor, in every town. Such cities as Milan, Piacenza, Brescia, and Crema considered that demand a denial of their communal liberties and in 1158 began a struggle that lasted until 1183 and required Frederick to lead five expeditions to Italy. Between 1158 and 1162 Frederick warred with Milan and its allies, subduing that city and confirming claims to other Italian cities. Meanwhile Frederick had set up a series of antipopes in opposition to the reigning pope, Alexander III, who espoused the cause of the Milanese and their allies and who, in 1165, excommunicated Frederick. By attacking the Leonine City in Rome in 1167-68, Frederick was able to install one of the antipopes, Paschal III (died 1168), on the papal throne. The Lombard League, consisting of the cities of Milan, Parma, Padua, Verona, Piacenza, Bologna, Cremona, Mantua, Bergamo, and Brescia, was formed in 1167 and eventually acknowledged Pope Alexander as leader. During the next seven years the league acquired military strength, rebuilt Milan, constructed the fortress city of Alessandria, and organized a federal system of administration. The fifth expedition (1174-76) of Frederick to Italy terminated in defeat by the Lombard League at Legnano. The defeat was significant in military history, because it was the first major triumph of infantry over a mounted army of feudal knights. Frederick was forced in 1177 to acknowledge Alexander III as pope and in
1183 to sign the Peace of Constance, acceding to the demands of the Lombards for autonomy but retaining imperial suzerainty over the towns.

Although imperial control in Italy was virtually ended by his defeat at Legnano, Frederick managed to enhance his prestige in central Europe. He made Poland tributary to the empire, raised Bohemia to the rank of a kingdom, and erected the margravate of Austria into an independent hereditary duchy. His own power as emperor in Germany was firmly established in 1180, when he ended his
long struggle with the Welfs by putting down a revolt led by the Welf Henry the Lion and depriving him of most of his lands.

Frederick initiated the Third Crusade in 1189, and in the next year, having resigned the government of the empire to his son Henry, later Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI, set out for Asia Minor. After gaining two great victories over the Muslims at Philomelion (now Ak3ehir) and Iconium (now Konya), he was drowned in the Calycadnus (now Goksu) River in Cilicia (now in Turkey) on June 10, 1190.

Source: 'The World Book Encyclopedia', 1968, p F422. 'Frederick I (Holy Roman Empire),'
Microsoft (R) Encarta. Copyright (c) 1993 Microsoft Corporation. Copyright (c) 1993 Funk
& Wagnall's Corporation

Died:
Drowned in River Calycandus, Cilicia.

Frederick married Beatrix De Burgundy on 10 Jun 1156. Beatrix (daughter of Rainald Ct De Burgundy & Macon, III and Agathe De Lorraine) was born in 1145; died on 15 Nov 1185. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Acceded: 1185, Deposed 1195-1203.; Fact 1