Bernhard King Of Italy

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: King Of Italy 813 To Dec 817.; Fact 1
• Fact 2: Blinded By Louis The Pious, King Of Aquitaine & France.; Fact 2
• Fact 3: King Of Lombardy.; Fact 3
• Name: Bernhard King Of Lombardie

Bernhard married Kunigunda (Cunegonde) (De Italia) in 813. Kunigunda was born in 797 in France; died on 15 Jun 835. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

1. Pepin II De Senlis Ct De Peronne & St. Quentin was born between 817 and 818 in Of Vermandois, Normandy, France; died after 850.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Baptized At Rome 12 Apr 781 By Pope Adrian I.; Fact 1
• Fact 2: King Of The Langobardians 15 Apr 781-.; Fact 2
• Fact 3: King Of Italy 781-810.; Fact 3
• Name: Pepin The Hunchback France

Pepin married Daughter Of The Franks. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Category: European Royalty
• Fact 1: King Of France 768-814. "Emperor Of The West". Holy Roman Emperor 25 Dec 800.; Fact 1
• Fact 10: Defeated Pagan Saxons After 30 Years Of War.; Fact 10
• Fact 11: Founded The Holy Roman Empire; Crowned By Pope Leo III In 800.; Fact 11
• Fact 12: Controlled Power Of Nobles & Extended Law Over A Troubled Domain.; Fact 12
• Fact 13: Patron Of Culture And Extender Of Civilization.; Fact 13
• Fact 2: King Of The Lombards 774. 'Emperor Of The Romans' From 800 To 814.; Fact 2
• Fact 3: First Germanic Ruler To Assume The Title Of Emperor.; Fact 3
• Fact 4: Created A Vast Empire In The West The Western Part Of Ancient Roman Empire + New; Fact 4
• Fact 5: The 'Empire' He Revived Lasted In One Form Or Another For A Thousand Years.; Fact 5
• Fact 6: From 768 To 771, Charlemagne Shared Kingdom With His Brother, Carloman.; Fact 6
• Fact 7: Gained Wide Acclaim For His Military Success; Waged Over 50 Campaigns.; Fact 7
• Fact 8: Subjugated Neigboring Germans, & Waged War Vs. Avars, Slavs, Byzantines, & Moors; Fact 8
• Fact 9: Aided The Pope By Defeating Lombards & Becoming Their King.; Fact 9
• Name: Charlemagne Holy Roman Emp

Notes:

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Charlemagne, Emperor Of The Holy Roman Empire, King of the Franks was king of the Franks from AD 768 to 814 and 'Emperor of the Romans' from 800 to 814. He became a key figure in the development of western Europe's medieval civilization. By his almost constant military campaigns, Charlemagne created a vast empire in the West which included much of the western part of the old Roman Empire as well as some new territory. He was the first Germanic ruler to assume the title of emperor, and the 'empire' he revived lasted in one form or another for a thousand years. Culturally and politically, he left his mark on the newly rising civilization of the West. Probably no ruler of the early Middle Ages better deserved the title of 'The
Great.'

Charlemagne was the son of Pepin the Short, and the grandson of Charles Martel. From 768 to 771, Charlemagne shared Pepin's kingdom with his brother, Carloman. When Carloman died, Charlemagne became sole ruler. He took up with energy
the work begun by his father and grandfather. His first step was to repress his hostile neighbors. Charlemagne gained wide acclaim for his outstanding military ability, persistence, and success. He waged more than 50 campaigns against neighboring Germanic peoples on all sides, and against the Avars, Slavs, Byzantines, and Moors.

Charlemagne's first great war was against the Lombards, a Germanic people who had invaded Italy in the late 500's. They had been a source of trouble to the popes ever since. In conquering them, Charlemagne followed Pepin's policy of friendship and cooperation with the Roman Catholic Church. This also served Charlemagne's own interests, because he became ruler of the Lombard kingdom in Italy.

The long Saxon war was the most important of Charlemagne's military ventures. The Saxons, who held the whole northwestern part of Germany, were pagans. Their defeat after 30 years of war prepared the way for the religious conversion and civilization of Germany.

By means of other wars, Charlemagne put down a rebellion in Aquitaine, added Bavaria to his kingdom, and established several border states to protect his outlying conquests. In eastern Europe, he defeated the Slavs and Avars and made possible
eastward migration by the Germans.

Charlemagne had built a vast and sprawling state that shared borders with such different peoples as the Slavs, Byzantines, and Moslems. He defended the Roman Catholic Church and constantly extended its power. He was far more powerful than the imperial successors of Constantine, the first Christian emperor in the West, and he ruled a much more extensive area. Because of his great holdings, he decided to revive the Roman Empire, but as a new empire that was European and Christian in
Character. The relations of the popes with the Byzantine, or Eastern Roman, emperors in Canstantinople had been breaking down since the middle 700's. An alliance between the Roman Catholic Church and the Franks, accomplished by proclaiming Charlemagne emperor, made good sense. Pope Leo III placed the imperial crown on Charlemagne's head on Christmas Day, 800. The most important effect of this act was that it revived the idea of empire in the West, an idea which caused both harm and good in succeeding centuries.

Einhard, Charlemagne's secretary and friend, described the emperor as large and strong of body, fond of active exercise, genial but dignified, and sensible and moderate in his way of life. Charlemagne clearly recognized his duties and responsibilities, and was a tireless worker. He could not reverse the long trend toward decentralized government. But he could and did control the power of the nobles and maintain a considerable degree of law and order in a troubled age. His administrative methods helped raise the standard of Undisclosed.

Charlemagne's greatest contribution was his work as a patron of culture and extender of civilization. The Palace School, set up at his capital in Aachen under the leadership of the English scholar Alcuin (735-804), stimulated interest in education,
philosophy, and literature. Most of the leading scholars were churchman, so this vast cultural activity greatly strengthened the church and had far-reaching and lasting results. In this way, Charlemagne, by means of his power and eminence, gave western Europe a unified culture so strong that it survived the terrible invasions and disorders of the next 200 years.

Source: 'The World Book Encyclopedia', 1968, C291-292. 'Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists ...',
Frederick Lewis Weis, 1993, p cvi.

Charlemagne married Hildegarde Cts De Vinzgau in 771 in Aachen ( Aix-La-Chapelle), Germany. Hildegarde (daughter of Gerold I (Childebrand) Duke Of Swabia and Imma De Allemania) was born in 758 in Savoy; died on 30 Apr 783 in Thionville, Moselle, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Buried At St. Arnoul Abbey, Metz, Austrasia, France.; Fact 1

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Mayor Of The Palace. Founded The Carolingian Dynasty.; Fact 1
• Fact 10: Known As 'The Donation Of Pepin, ' It Helped Build The Political Power Of Pope.; Fact 10
• Fact 11: Pepin Added Aquitaine To His Own Kingdom.; Fact 11
• Fact 12: Began Many Important Religious And Educational Reforms.; Fact 12
• Fact 13: His Son Charlemagne Carried On These Reforms.; Fact 13
• Fact 3: Boniface, With Papal Blessings, Anointed Him King Of The Franks.; Fact 3
• Fact 4: Pope Conferred Leadership Of Westrn Christiandom On Dynasty; This Alliance W
• Fact 5: Served As Mayor Of The Palace In The Merovingian Kingdom In France & Germany.; Fact 5
• Fact 6: Pope Stephen II Asked Him For Help Against The Lombards.; Fact 6
• Fact 7: Pepin Sent His Army To Save Rome.; Fact 7
• Fact 8: Lombards Had Captured Ravenna. Pepin Recaptured The City.; Fact 8
• Fact 9: He Gave Ravenna & Much Of Its Adjacent Territory To The Pope.; Fact 9
• Fact 2: Between 751 and 768, Chosen King Of The Franks Over The Last Feeble Merovingian Monarch, Childeric.; Fact 2
• Alt. Death: 24 Sep 768, France; Alt. Death

Notes:

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Pepin 'The Short', King Of The Franks founded the Carolingian dynasty. Like his father, grandfather, and great-great-grandfather, Pepin served as mayor of the palace in the Merovingian kingdom in France and Germany. In each case, the mayor was the power behind the throne. In 751, an assembly of the Franks deposed Childeric, the last of the weak Merovingian kings, and proclaimed Pepin king. Pope Stephen II, who ruled Rome, asked Pepin for help against the Lombard king, Pepin sent his army to save Rome. The Lombards had captured Ravenna. Pepin recaptured the city and much of the nearby territory, known as 'the Donation of Pepin,' helped build the political power of the pope. Pepin added Aquitaine to his own kingdom, and began many important religious and educational reforms. His son Charlemagne, carried on these reforms.

Source: 'The World Book Encyclopedia', 1968, P245 'Royalty for Commoners', Roderick W. Stuart, 1993, p 129.
'Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists ...', Frederick Lewis Weis, 1993, p cvi.

Pepin married Bertrada Cts Of LaonFrance. Bertrada (daughter of I Heribert Ct Of Laon and Bertrada Unknown) was born in 720 in Laon, Aisne, France; died on 12 Jul 783. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Buried: St Denis, Paris, Seine, France.; Fact 1
• Alt. Death: 12 Jul 783, Choisy, Haute-Savoie, France; Alt. Death

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Duke Of Allemania.; Fact 1
• Fact 2: Count In The Anglachau 779.; Fact 2

Gerold married Imma De Allemania. Imma (daughter of Hnabi Duc De Allemania) was born in Aachen, Rhineland, Prussia; died in 798. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: "Savior Of Christiandom". Bastard. Succeded His Father Via Winning A Civil War.; Fact 1
• Fact 10: Used Only The Title Of Mayor Of The Palace, But Had The Power Of A King.; Fact 10
• Fact 11: For Repeatedly Attacking The Moslems He Recd The Title Of Martel, Meaning Hammer; Fact 11
• Fact 12: Built An Army Of Mounted Men By Seizing Church Estates.; Fact 12
• Fact 13: Supported Saint Boniface In His Reform Of The Frankish Church.; Fact 13
• Fact 2: Mayor Of The Palace & Chief Minister To The Merovingian King Of The Franks.; Fact 2
• Fact 4: Provided Army For Boniface To Convert The Saxons In Germany.; Fact 4
• Fact 5: Advanced Christiandom Eastward To The Elbe River.; Fact 5
• Fact 6: Leader Of The Tall Frankish Swordsmen. "Savior Of The West".; Fact 6
• Fact 7: The Defeat Of The Saracens At Tours In 732 Saved Europe.; Fact 7
• Fact 8: Buried: Monastery, St Denis, Seine, France.; Fact 8
• Fact 9: Ruled The Merovingian Franks From A.D. 719 To 741.; Fact 9
• Name: Charles Martel The Hammer Duc De Antrim
• Alt. Birth: 676, Heristal, France; Alt. Birth
• Fact 3: 732, Tours & Drove Them Back To Iberia.; Halted The Advance Of The Moors At Poitiers
• Alt. Death: 22 Oct 741, France; Alt. Death

Notes:

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Charles 'Martel', Mayor Of The Palace Of Austrasia ruled the Merovingian Franks from A.D. 719 to 741. He used only the title of Mayor of the Palace, but he actually had the power of a king. Most of the lawful Frankish kings of this period were weak. In 732, Charles defeated the invading Moslems in the famous Battle of Tours near Poitiers. For repeatedly attacking the Moslems, Charles later received the title of Martel, meaning the Hammer. He built an army of mounted men by seizing church
estates. Charles supported Saint Boniface in his reform of the Frankish church.

Source: 'The World Book Encyclopedia', 1968, C295. 'Royalty for Commoners', Roderick W. Stuart, 1993, p 129, 196.
'Pedigrees of Some of the Emperor Charlemagne's Descendants', Langston & Buck, 1986, p cvi.

Charles married Chrotrud Of Allemania Dss Of Austrasia. Chrotrud (daughter of St. Leutwinus De Treves Bishop Of Troyes and Daughter Of Rodobertus) was born in 690 in Austrasia, France; died in 724 in Austrasia, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Aka Rotrou.; Fact 1