Gilberga (Hermesenda) Roger De Bigorre

Gilberga married Ramiro I Sanchez De AragÛn King Of AragÛn on 22 Aug 1036 in Jaca. Ramiro (son of Sancho III The Great El Mayor King Of Pamplona and Sancha Aybar) died between 1063 and 1069 in Barcelona. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Acceded 1063. King Of Pamplona 1076.; Fact 1
• Fact 2: Aragon Was Substantially Expanded By Conquest During His Reign.; Fact 2

Sancho married Isabel De Urgel in 1065, and was divorced. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Pons De Toulouse Ct De Toulouse. Pons (son of Guillaume III Talliefer Ct De Toulouse and Arsinde (Blanka) De Anjou) was born in 990 in Of Toulouse, Aquitaine; died in 1061. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Sancha married Armengol III De Urgel Ct De Urgel about 1065. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Ramiro married Agnes De Aquitaine in 1135 in Jaca. Agnes (daughter of Guillaume IX Le Troubador Duc De Aquitaine and Maude (Philippa) De Toulouse Cts De Toulouse) was born between 1095 and 1100 in Poitiers, France; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Isabel married Sancho V Ramirez De AragÛn King Of AragÛn in 1065, and was divorced. Sancho (son of Ramiro I Sanchez De AragÛn King Of AragÛn and Gilberga (Hermesenda) Roger De Bigorre) was born in 1042; died on 4 Jun 1094. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Acceded: 1137. Abdicated 1164.; Fact 1

Petronilla married Raimond Berenger V Le Saint Ct De Provence on 11 Aug 1137. Raimond (son of Raimund Arnolda Berenger Ct De Barcelona, IV and Dolca (Aldonza) De Gevaudan Cts De Provence) was born between 1113 and 1114 in Of Barcelona, Spain; died on 6 Aug 1162 in San Dalmacio, Spain. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Ramiro married Agnes De Aquitaine in 1135 in Jaca. Agnes (daughter of Guillaume IX Le Troubador Duc De Aquitaine and Maude (Philippa) De Toulouse Cts De Toulouse) was born between 1095 and 1100 in Poitiers, France; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: King Of AragÛn, 1162-1195.; Fact 1
• Fact 2: Marquis Of Provence (1166). Also Known As "The Troubador".; Fact 2
• Fact 3: Marquis And Count Of Barcelona, Tortosa & Lerida.; Fact 3
• Fact 4: Count Of Tarragona, Gerona And Cerdagne (1162).; Fact 4
• Fact 5: Buried In Monastery Of Nuestra Senora, Poblet.; Fact 5

Notes:

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Sources conflict on his spouse.

Alfonso married Sancha Alfonsez De Castile between 18 Jan 1173 and 1174 in Saragosa. Sancha (daughter of Alfonso VII The Emperor King Of Castile & LeÛn and Richeza Of Silesia) was born on 21 Sep 1154 in Castile, Spain; died on 9 Nov 1208 in Monastery Of Xinena, Sijena, Spain. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Interred: Holy Cross Church, Coimbra; Fact 1

Dulcia married Sancho I Martino King Of Portugal & Algarve in 1175. Sancho (son of Alfonso I Henriques De King Of Portugal and Matilda De Maurienne, De Savoie) was born on 11 Nov 1154 in Coimbra; died on 26 Mar 1212 in Coimbra. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Acceded: 1137. Abdicated 1164.; Fact 1

Petronilla married Raimond Berenger V Le Saint Ct De Provence on 11 Aug 1137. Raimond (son of Raimund Arnolda Berenger Ct De Barcelona, IV and Dolca (Aldonza) De Gevaudan Cts De Provence) was born between 1113 and 1114 in Of Barcelona, Spain; died on 6 Aug 1162 in San Dalmacio, Spain. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Acceded 1196.; Fact 1
• Fact 2: Prince Of AragÛn.; Fact 2
• Name: El Casto

Alphonso married Gersinde De Sabran Cts De Forcalquier in Jul 1193 in Aix-En-Provence, France. Gersinde (daughter of Raimond De Sabran Prince Of Marseilles and Gersinde De Forcalquier Cts De Forcalquier) was born in 1180 in Sabran, Spain; died in 1224 in L'abbaye DE La Celle, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: King Of Barcelona, Marquis Of Carlat.; Fact 1

Pedro married Maria De Montpelier Cts De Montpellier on 5 Jun 1204. Maria (daughter of Guillaume Ct De Montpellier, VIII and Eudoxia Komnene) was born in 1175 in Of Montpellier, Herault, France; died in 1219. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Acceded: 1211.; Fact 1

Alfonso married Urraca De Castile in 1206. Urraca (daughter of Alfonso VIII De Castile King Of Castile and Alianor Plantagenet) was born in 1186 in Castile, Spain; died on 3 Nov 1220. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: King Of AragÛn, 1162-1195.; Fact 1
• Fact 2: Marquis Of Provence (1166). Also Known As "The Troubador".; Fact 2
• Fact 3: Marquis And Count Of Barcelona, Tortosa & Lerida.; Fact 3
• Fact 4: Count Of Tarragona, Gerona And Cerdagne (1162).; Fact 4
• Fact 5: Buried In Monastery Of Nuestra Senora, Poblet.; Fact 5

Notes:

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Sources conflict on his spouse.

Alfonso married Sancha Alfonsez De Castile between 18 Jan 1173 and 1174 in Saragosa. Sancha (daughter of Alfonso VII The Emperor King Of Castile & LeÛn and Richeza Of Silesia) was born on 21 Sep 1154 in Castile, Spain; died on 9 Nov 1208 in Monastery Of Xinena, Sijena, Spain. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Interred: Holy Cross Church, Coimbra; Fact 1

Dulcia married Sancho I Martino King Of Portugal & Algarve in 1175. Sancho (son of Alfonso I Henriques De King Of Portugal and Matilda De Maurienne, De Savoie) was born on 11 Nov 1154 in Coimbra; died on 26 Mar 1212 in Coimbra. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: 4th Count Of Provence. Acceded 1209.; Fact 1
• Fact 2: The Last & Most Illustrious Of The Royal Provencal Counts.; Fact 2
• Fact 3: His Poetry Entitles Him To A Distinguished Rank Among The Troubadour Poets.; Fact 3
• Fact 4: Relatively Impoverished; Could Provide Little Dowry For His Daughters.; Fact 4
• Fact 5: Marquess Of Provence.; Fact 5
• Fact 6: Comte DE Farcalquier.; Fact 6
• Alt. Birth: 1198, Aix-En-Provence, Bouches-Du-Rhone, France; Alt. Birth

Raimund married Beatrice De Savoie in Dec 1220 in Dez, France. Beatrice (daughter of Thomas De Maurienne Ct De Savoie and Marguerite De Faucigny, De Genevre) was born between 1198 and 1201 in Of Chambaery, Savoie, France; died in Dec 1266 in France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Acceded: 1213. Crown Under Regency Until He Came Of Age.; Fact 1
• Fact 2: Led Military Campaigns That Captured Majorca And The Other Balearic Islands.; Fact 2
• Fact 3: Took Valencia From The Moors.; Fact 3
• Fact 4: His Uncle Sanc, Count Of Provence, Managed Finances & Paid Off His Father's; Fact 4
• Fact 5: Debts During Jaime's Minority.; Fact 5

Jaime married Yolande (ViolanteJolan) Of Hungary on 8 Sep 1235. Yolande (daughter of Andras II Of Hungary King Of Hungary and Yolande De Courtenay) was born between 1213 and 1219 in Hungary; died on 12 Oct 1251 in Huesca, Spain. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Acceded: 1248.; Fact 1

Alphonso married Beatrice Alfonso De Castile in 1253. Beatrice (daughter of Alfonso X The Wise King Of Castile & LeÛn and Mayor (Maria) Guillen De Guzm·n) was born in 1242; died in 1303. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Acceded 1196.; Fact 1
• Fact 2: Prince Of AragÛn.; Fact 2
• Name: El Casto

Alphonso married Gersinde De Sabran Cts De Forcalquier in Jul 1193 in Aix-En-Provence, France. Gersinde (daughter of Raimond De Sabran Prince Of Marseilles and Gersinde De Forcalquier Cts De Forcalquier) was born in 1180 in Sabran, Spain; died in 1224 in L'abbaye DE La Celle, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: King Of Barcelona, Marquis Of Carlat.; Fact 1

Pedro married Maria De Montpelier Cts De Montpellier on 5 Jun 1204. Maria (daughter of Guillaume Ct De Montpellier, VIII and Eudoxia Komnene) was born in 1175 in Of Montpellier, Herault, France; died in 1219. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Acceded: 1211.; Fact 1

Alfonso married Urraca De Castile in 1206. Urraca (daughter of Alfonso VIII De Castile King Of Castile and Alianor Plantagenet) was born in 1186 in Castile, Spain; died on 3 Nov 1220. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Acceded: 20 Jan 1236 (Queen Of Engl.), Westminster Abbey, London, England.; Fact 1
• Fact 2: After King Henry Died She Took The Veil At Amesbury.; Fact 2
• Fact 3: Interred: Convent Church, Amesbury.; Fact 3
• Fact 4: Barons.; Well Educated, High Spirited, Pretty. Not Very Popular W
• Fact 5: Hated By The Commoners For Her Lavish Tastes & French Patronage.; Fact 5
• Fact 6: Most Unpopular Queen Since The Days Of The Conqueror.; Fact 6
• Fact 8: Rescued By Henry's Enemy Thomas Fitzthomas, Mayor Of London.; Fact 8
• Fact 7: Jul 1263, Attacked By Mob As She Attempted To Escape London Up The Thames.; Fact 7
• Fact 9: Nov 1264, After Henry's Defeat At Lewes, Tried To Organize An Army To Invade From Flanders; Fact 9

Eleonore married Henry III Plantagenet King Of England between 14 Jan 1235 and 1236 in Canterbury, Kent, England. Henry (son of John Lackland Plantagenet King Of England and Isabella Taillefer, De AngoulÍme) was born on 1 Oct 1207 in Winchester Castle, Hampshire, England; died on 16 Nov 1272 in Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, England; was buried in Westminster Abbey, London, Middlesex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Buried In St.-Denis.; Fact 1

Marguerite married St. Louis IX Capet King Of France in May 1234. St. (son of Louis VIII Capet The Lion King Of France and Blanca De Castile) was born on 25 Apr 1214 in Chateau Of Poissy, Yvelines, France; died on 25 Aug 1270 in Near Tunis, Tunisia, Africa. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Acceded: 1245. Buried In Roque Pymont.; Fact 1

Beatrice married Charles I Capet De King Of Naples & Sicily between 31 Jan 1245 and 1246. Charles (son of Louis VIII Capet The Lion King Of France and Blanca De Castile) was born between 21 Mar 1225 and 1226 in Anjou, France; died between 7 Jan 1284 and 1285 in Foggia Castle, Foggia, Italy. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Of Zaragoza, Spain.; Fact 1

Violante married Alfonso X The Wise King Of Castile & LeÛn on 26 Nov 1248 in Valladolid. Alfonso (son of St. Ferdinand King Of Castile & LeÛn, III and Beatrice (Elizabeth) Hohenstaufen, Of Swabia) was born on 23 Nov 1221 in Toledo, Spain; died in 1284 in Seville, Spain. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Buried In St-Denis.; Fact 1

Isabel married Philippe III The Bold Le Hardi King Of France on 28 May 1262 in Clermont-Ferrand, Puy-DE-Denis, France. Philippe (son of King Louis IX Louis IX France and Marguerite Of Provence) was born on 1 May 1245 in Poissy, Yvelines, France; died on 5 Oct 1285 in Perpignan, Pyrenees-Orienta, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Acceded: 1276. King Of Sicily 1282-1285. King Of AragÛn 1276-1285.; Fact 1

Family/Spouse: Constance Hohenstaufen De Sicily. Constance (daughter of Manfred De Siciliy King Of Naples & Sicily and Beatrix De Savoie) was born about 1250 in Of Sicily, Italy; died in 1302. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Provided A Safe Haven For The Knights Templar.; Fact 1
• Fact 2: Due To Papal Pressure, Dissolved Templars (Without Persecution) In 1312.; Fact 2
• Fact 3: Founded Order Of Christ 1318, All Templar Ppty & Personnel Transferred To New Or; Fact 3

Dionisio married Isabel Pedra (St. Elizabeth) De AragÛn on 24 Jun 1282 in Trancoso, Guarda, Portugal. Isabel (daughter of Pedro III The Great De AragÛn King Of AragÛn and Constance Hohenstaufen De Sicily) was born between 4 Jan 1270 and 1271 in Saragosa; died on 4 Jul 1336 in Estremos. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: 4th Count Of Provence. Acceded 1209.; Fact 1
• Fact 2: The Last & Most Illustrious Of The Royal Provencal Counts.; Fact 2
• Fact 3: His Poetry Entitles Him To A Distinguished Rank Among The Troubadour Poets.; Fact 3
• Fact 4: Relatively Impoverished; Could Provide Little Dowry For His Daughters.; Fact 4
• Fact 5: Marquess Of Provence.; Fact 5
• Fact 6: Comte DE Farcalquier.; Fact 6
• Alt. Birth: 1198, Aix-En-Provence, Bouches-Du-Rhone, France; Alt. Birth

Raimund married Beatrice De Savoie in Dec 1220 in Dez, France. Beatrice (daughter of Thomas De Maurienne Ct De Savoie and Marguerite De Faucigny, De Genevre) was born between 1198 and 1201 in Of Chambaery, Savoie, France; died in Dec 1266 in France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Acceded: 1213. Crown Under Regency Until He Came Of Age.; Fact 1
• Fact 2: Led Military Campaigns That Captured Majorca And The Other Balearic Islands.; Fact 2
• Fact 3: Took Valencia From The Moors.; Fact 3
• Fact 4: His Uncle Sanc, Count Of Provence, Managed Finances & Paid Off His Father's; Fact 4
• Fact 5: Debts During Jaime's Minority.; Fact 5

Jaime married Yolande (ViolanteJolan) Of Hungary on 8 Sep 1235. Yolande (daughter of Andras II Of Hungary King Of Hungary and Yolande De Courtenay) was born between 1213 and 1219 in Hungary; died on 12 Oct 1251 in Huesca, Spain. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Acceded: 1248.; Fact 1

Alphonso married Beatrice Alfonso De Castile in 1253. Beatrice (daughter of Alfonso X The Wise King Of Castile & LeÛn and Mayor (Maria) Guillen De Guzm·n) was born in 1242; died in 1303. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Category: English Royalty - Plantagenet Line
• Fact 1: Acceded: 19 Aug 1274, Westminster Abbey, London, England.; Fact 1
• Fact 3: Reigned 1272-1307.; Fact 3
• Fact 4: In The Barons War 1264-67 He Defeated The Barons At Evesham (1265).; Fact 4
• Fact 5: Noted For Encouraging Parliamentary Institutions At The Expence Of Feudalism.; Fact 5
• Fact 6: Subdued Wales On Which He Imposed The English System Of Administration.; Fact 6
• Fact 7: Tried To Assert His Authority Over Scotland.; Fact 7
• Fact 8: Died While On His Way To Fight Robert The Bruce.; Fact 8
• Fact 9: Had William Wallace, Scottish Patriot, Killed (Acc. To Legend).; Fact 9
• Name: Edward I Plantagenet
• Fact 2: 28 Oct 1307, Interred: Westminster Abbey, London, England; Fact 2

Notes:

Acceded 1272-1307.

Edward I
Edward I (1272-1307), who succeeded his father, was an able administrator and law-maker. He re-established royal power, investigating many of the abuses resulting from weak royal government and issuing new laws. Edward was an effective soldier, gaining experience from going on crusade to Syria before he became king. In 1277 Edward invaded Wales where Llewelyn ap Gruffydd, prince of Wales, had built up considerable power. In a series of campaigns Edward gained control of Wales, building strong castles to secure his conquests. Llewelyn was subdued before his death, by the 1277 treaty of Conway. In 1284, the Statute of Wales brought Wales under Edward's rule. In 1301, he created his eldest surviving son, Edward, the first English Prince of Wales.
Wanting to unite the country behind him and to raise money for his campaigns in Wales and Scotland (including another war in France in 1293), in 1295 the king called what became known as the 'Model Parliament'. To this he summoned not only the aristocracy, bishops and abbots, but also the knights of the shires, burgesses from the towns and junior clergy. (Although resembling Parliament in approximately its modern form, for most of the middle ages a parliament meant primarily the king and the lords, with the commons meeting separately. Under pressures of war, and the subsequent need for extraordinary taxation, parliament became a regular feature of royal rule, and this system of representation subsequently became more usual.)

In 1296 Edward invaded Scotland, successfully seizing the Stone of Scone; the king John Balliol abdicated and surrendered to Edward. However, a guerrilla war broke out and William Wallace, the Scottish leader, defeated the English at Stirling Bridge in 1297. Wallace was finally captured and executed in 1305. Edward died in 1307, when he was about to start another campaign against the Scots and their leader, Robert Bruce.
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REF: British Monarchy Official Website: Edward I (1272-1307), who succeeded his father, was an able administrator and law maker. He re-established royal power, investigating many of the abuses resulting from weak royal government
and issuing new laws. Edward was an effective soldier, gaining experience from going on crusade to Egypt and Syria before he became king. In 1276
Edward invaded Wales where Llewelyn ap Gruffydd, Prince of Wales, had built up considerable power. In a series of campaigns Edward gained control of Wales, building strong castles to secure his conquests. Llewelyn was killed
and in 1284, the Statute of Wales brought Wales under Edward's rule. In 1301, he created his eldest son, Edward, the first English Prince of Wales. Wanting to unite the country behind him and to raise money for all these campaigns, in 1295 the king called what became known as the 'Model Parliament'. To this he summoned not only the aristocracy and the prelates, but also the knights of
the shires, burgesses from the towns and junior clergy, thus creating a Parliament in approximately its modern form. From this date onwards, this
system of representation became the norm. In 1296 Edward invaded Scotland, successfully seizing the king of Scots and the Stone of Scone. However, a guerrilla war broke out and William Wallace, the Scottish leader, defeated the English at Stirling Bridge. Wallace was finally captured and executed in 1305. Edward died in 1307, when he was about to start another campaign against the
Scots. In 1314 Robert the Bruce, who had become king of Scots in 1306, defeated the English at the Battle of Bannockburn.

REF: Sharon Kay Penman "Falls the Shadow": He was on fairly friendly & respectful terms with his uncle, Simon de Montfort, and even initially supported Simon's calls for honoring the Oxford Provisions. But, after Richard of Cornwall's mediation in the dispute between Edward & his father Henry, Simon had his final break with de Montort in April 1260. In late June 1260, Edward, attempting to alleviate Henry's money crisis, by subterfuge under cover of darkness requested admittance into the New Temple of the Knights Templar in London & robbed the treasuries of the city guilds. In June 1263 Prince Edward's foreign Flemish troops burned Bristol; the populace rose up & besieged him & his army in the castle. The Bishop of Worcester, Walter de Cantelou placated the townsfolk by taking Edward's pladge to make peace with de Montfort & the barons (Edward had no intention of honoring his pledge). March 1264 Simon's sons Henry & Bran de Montfort trap Prince Edward at Gloucester Castle, but Edward solemnly avows to Henry (they were extremely close, growing up together) that if Henry grants him a truce he will work with King Henry & Richard of Cornwall to arrange a truce & avoid war. Henry de Montfort was in command, & believed him. Edward was lying through his teeth. As soon as Henry & Bran de Montfort's army were out of sight, Edward siezed the town & imposed harsh fines & penalties. On April 5 1264 the defeat at Northampton by Edward of Simon's forces (de MOntfort was in London) crippled rebel forces. Northampton defenses had been allowed to decay in the years previous to de Montfort's occupation there, plus the battle was lost due to the treachery of the Prior at St. Andrew's. After the defeat, Edward allowed his army to have their sport on the town, culminating in utter destruction, rapine, murder, etc. of its inhabitants. Some 80 barons & knights were taken prisoner & the rebel army was gutted. The defeat touched off a riot in London (since Londoners were very favorable to Simon) on Apr 9, 1264 in which hundreds, mainly Jews, were slain. In May 1264 Edward looted lands of Robert de Ferrers, the Earl of Derby, & after Derby lost Tutbury Castle, he defected from Simon's support. King Henry meanwhile took Leicester & Nottingham. Simon & Gilbert de Clare attacked Rochester Castle (which surrendered) & besieged the town when Edward approached London so Simon went back to defend it. King Henry & Edward were practicing fierce cruelty by chopping off the nads & feet of all common soldiers captured from de Montfort's army. The Cinque Ports & Dover Castle held fast for Simon, & did not obey Henry & Edward's command for a naval force to attack London. Thwarted, Edward takes Gilbert de Clare's Tonbridge Castle. Simon continued to hold London, but was surrounded by Edward & Henry. In May 1264, the Bishop of Chichester tried to convince Henry III to negotiate, but he refused. The Bishops of London & Worcester (Walter de Cantelou) try to do the same on the eve of the Battle of Lewes; again Henry refuses. At Lewes, Montfort was outnumbered 2:1; Royalist forces numbered some 10,000. Montfort introduced a new strategy to warfare; he established a reserve command to be commanded by himself, plus he intoduced the concept of the night march. He was thought to be miles away by the Royalist forces on the eve of the battle, but he & his army undertook a night march to focre the battle on May 14, 1264. Henry was utterly taken by surprise, & his garrison lodged at the Priory were in some confusion; however, Edward, who garrisoned his men at Lewes Castle, was able to meet the rebel left flank of greenhorn & untrained Londoners under the command of Nicholas de Segrave. Edward routed them with no care for the "rules" of war in that he & his knights undertook a pursuit miles away from the battle only to slay every man they could find. This was thought caused by the Londoner's steadfast support for Monfort and their animosity toward Henry & especially Edward's mother Queen Eleanor (including the London mob's attack on her barge July 1263). From these beginnings Edward had a lifelong hatred for Londoners. On the eve of the Battle of Lewes, 14 May 1264, after Henry had refused the entreaty of the Bishops of London & Worcester (Walter de Cantelou) to negotiate, Simon formally renounced all allegiance to Henry, & was followed by his men. including Gilbert de Clare, Hugh le Despenser, Humfrey de Bohun VI "the Younger", John Giffard, Sir John FitzJohn, Nicholas de Segrave, & Robert de Vere. Clare & Vere had the most to lose of any rebel supporters. At the battle itself, the left flank of green & hastily trained but no battle-experience Londoners was under the command of Nicholas de Segrave with 2nd an inexperienced John Giffard; the right flank was commanded by Simon's sons Henry & Guy de Montfort (Bran still being held in captivity at Windsor Castle by Henry) with 2nd Humphrey de Bohun VI "the Younger", the center column was commanded by Gilbert de Clare, 2nded by Sir John FitzJohn, with Simon himself commanding the new reserve force 2nded by Hugh le Despenser. For the Royalists, Henry commanded the center column, Richard of Cornwall commanded the left flank, & Edward commanded the vanguard. Royalist forces outnumbered the rebels by some 2:1 with some 10,000 men. Henry's force was augmented by a Scots force sent by his son in law Alexander III the Glorious, King of Scotland. With Edward were Dafydd ap Gruffydd, Hugh le Bigod, Henry Plantagenet of Almaine, Richard of Cornwall's son (& Edward's cousin & Simon's nephew), & John de Warenne. At the time of the battle, Simon was thought to be miles away, & still unable to ride a horse due to his broken leg. After Edward had absented himself from the field so long (carrying out his vengeance on the Londoners) Simon attacked & obliterated King Henry's force. Henry fled to the Priory. Richard of Cornwall was captured by Gilbert de Clare. When Edward & his men found out, Edward was urged to flee to Pevensey Castle & from there toward France. Edward refused to abandon his father, but the de Lusignans fled the battle, as did John de Warenne, Hugh le Bigod, Dafydd ap Gruddydd & over 300 knights. Only Edward's cousin Henry of Almaine (Richard of Cornwall's son) & Edwards household knights remained with him. Edward got through John FitzJohn's surrounding encampment to his father in the priory, Simon then offered a 12 hour truce & accepted their surrender the following morning. Lewes resulted in 2700 known dead (one of every five men). Under the Mise of Lewes, the Oxford Provisions were again reinstated as the law of the land, with an arbitration commission. Under no circumstances could Henry appoint aliens onto his council. Henry's extravagent spending was also to be brought under control & he to live within his means & pay off his enormous debts. A full amnesty was proclaimed for all rebels. No ransoms were to be paid for men captured at Lewes nor earlier at Northampton. Edward & Henry of Almaine surrendered themselves as hostages for their fathers' good faith. Edward was confined at Wallingford Castle with Richard of Cornwall. King Henry was lodged securely at the palace of the Bishop of London, In June 1264, Simon called a Parliament, one that included knights & town officials. The effect of Lewes that while Henry was still King, Simon had command of the realm. He also called for the terms of the Chivalric code to cover not only knights, but also commoners & Jews. In October 1264, the Pope (who hated Simon & the English Lords who had refused to succor his (the Pope's) abortive plans for Sicily) formally excommunicated Simon, his sons Henry, Bran & Guy, Gilbert de Clare, Hugh le Despenser, the Mayor of London Thomas FitzThomas, & many of their supporters. The Bishops of Worcester, London & Winchester refused to publish the sentence of anathema; the Pope laid England under Interdict Oct 21 1264, but the English clergy continued to support Simon & services & rites of the Church continued to be performed. After the great victory, Simon's problems with governing began to mount. He wielded the King's authority without the right, & many began to question his motives for power. Also, an economic crises mounted as the sailors of the Cinque Ports had siezed all shipping in the Channel. In November 1264, kinsmen of the Earl of Hereford, Humphrey de Bohun V (Humphrey de Bohun VI was a staunch Montfort supporter) waged an attack on Wallingford Castle to free Edward. Guy de Montfort, Edward's cousin & Simon's son, cooly told Edward to have the besiegers call off the attack or he (Guy) would order Edward hurled at them in the Castle mangonel. Such was the bad blood between them that Edward did as ordered. At the Battle of Kenilworth, Edward borrowed from Simon's never before heard of tactics & underwent & forced night march of 30 miles & surprised Bran de Montfort outside Kenilworth Castle (Bran had foolishly encamped outside, rather than in, the castle). Bran had a large army & cache of supplies gathered for the relief of Simon, who had been trapped in Wales for a month; however, Bran had been lax in speedily coming to his father's rescue & in enforcing military discipline. Edward's forces completely overwhelmed Bran's army; Edward captured so many horses he was able to mount every man in his army. At Evesham (4 Aug 1265) Edward flew false colors of Robert de Vere of Oxford (captured at Kenilworth) & of Bran and entrapped Simon there. It was less a battle than a slaughter; Edward allowed his men to mutilate the dead, etc.

In the Barons war 1264-67 he defeated the Barons at Evesham (1265) as King
he is noted for encouraging Parliamentary institutions at the expence of
feaudalism and for subdueing Wales on which he imposed the English system of administration. This was after his first campaign in Wales when he was still prince. He & his father Henry III were led an army into Gwynedd & were defeated at Deganwy Castle August 1257 leaving all of Wales (and all of Prince Edward's Welsh lands) in the control of Llywelyn ap Gruffydd. Edward & Henry's forces were defeated by Llywelyn in less than a month. He later tried to assert his authority over Scotland and died while on his way to fight Robert Bruce.
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REF: British Monarchy Official Website: Edward I (1272-1307), who succeeded his father, was an able administrator and law maker. He re-established royal power, investigating many of the abuses resulting from weak royal government
and issuing new laws. Edward was an effective soldier, gaining experience from going on crusade to Egypt and Syria before he became king. In 1276
Edward invaded Wales where Llewelyn ap Gruffydd, Prince of Wales, had built up considerable power. In a series of campaigns Edward gained control of Wales, building strong castles to secure his conquests. Llewelyn was killed
and in 1284, the Statute of Wales brought Wales under Edward's rule. In 1301, he created his eldest son, Edward, the first English Prince of Wales. Wanting to unite the country behind him and to raise money for all these campaigns, in 1295 the king called what became known as the 'Model Parliament'. To this he summoned not only the aristocracy and the prelates, but also the knights of
the shires, burgesses from the towns and junior clergy, thus creating a Parliament in approximately its modern form. From this date onwards, this
system of representation became the norm. In 1296 Edward invaded Scotland, successfully seizing the king of Scots and the Stone of Scone. However, a guerrilla war broke out and William Wallace, the Scottish leader, defeated the English at Stirling Bridge. Wallace was finally captured and executed in 1305. Edward died in 1307, when he was about to start another campaign against the
Scots. In 1314 Robert the Bruce, who had become king of Scots in 1306, defeated the English at the Battle of Bannockburn.

REF: Sharon Kay Penman "Falls the Shadow": He was on fairly friendly & respectful terms with his uncle, Simon de Montfort, and even initially supported Simon's calls for honoring the Oxford Provisions. But, after Richard of Cornwall's mediation in the dispute between Edward & his father Henry, Simon had his final break with de Montort in April 1260. In late June 1260, Edward, attempting to alleviate Henry's money crisis, by subterfuge under cover of darkness requested admittance into the New Temple of the Knights Templar in London & robbed the treasuries of the city guilds. In June 1263 Prince Edward's foreign Flemish troops burned Bristol; the populace rose up & besieged him & his army in the castle. The Bishop of Worcester, Walter de Cantelou placated the townsfolk by taking Edward's pladge to make peace with de Montfort & the barons (Edward had no intention of honoring his pledge). March 1264 Simon's sons Henry & Bran de Montfort trap Prince Edward at Gloucester Castle, but Edward solemnly avows to Henry (they were extremely close, growing up together) that if Henry grants him a truce he will work with King Henry & Richard of Cornwall to arrange a truce & avoid war. Henry de Montfort was in command, & believed him. Edward was lying through his teeth. As soon as Henry & Bran de Montfort's army were out of sight, Edward siezed the town & imposed harsh fines & penalties. On April 5 1264 the defeat at Northampton by Edward of Simon's forces (de MOntfort was in London) crippled rebel forces. Northampton defenses had been allowed to decay in the years previous to de Montfort's occupation there, plus the battle was lost due to the treachery of the Prior at St. Andrew's. After the defeat, Edward allowed his army to have their sport on the town, culminating in utter destruction, rapine, murder, etc. of its inhabitants. Some 80 barons & knights were taken prisoner & the rebel army was gutted. The defeat touched off a riot in London (since Londoners were very favorable to Simon) on Apr 9, 1264 in which hundreds, mainly Jews, were slain. In May 1264 Edward looted lands of Robert de Ferrers, the Earl of Derby, & after Derby lost Tutbury Castle, he defected from Simon's support. King Henry meanwhile took Leicester & Nottingham. Simon & Gilbert de Clare attacked Rochester Castle (which surrendered) & besieged the town when Edward approached London so Simon went back to defend it. King Henry & Edward were practicing fierce cruelty by chopping off the nads & feet of all common soldiers captured from de Montfort's army. The Cinque Ports & Dover Castle held fast for Simon, & did not obey Henry & Edward's command for a naval force to attack London. Thwarted, Edward takes Gilbert de Clare's Tonbridge Castle. Simon continued to hold London, but was surrounded by Edward & Henry. In May 1264, the Bishop of Chichester tried to convince Henry III to negotiate, but he refused. The Bishops of London & Worcester (Walter de Cantelou) try to do the same on the eve of the Battle of Lewes; again Henry refuses. At Lewes, Montfort was outnumbered 2:1; Royalist forces numbered some 10,000. Montfort introduced a new strategy to warfare; he established a reserve command to be commanded by himself, plus he intoduced the concept of the night march. He was thought to be miles away by the Royalist forces on the eve of the battle, but he & his army undertook a night march to focre the battle on May 14, 1264. Henry was utterly taken by surprise, & his garrison lodged at the Priory were in some confusion; however, Edward, who garrisoned his men at Lewes Castle, was able to meet the rebel left flank of greenhorn & untrained Londoners under the command of Nicholas de Segrave. Edward routed them with no care for the "rules" of war in that he & his knights undertook a pursuit miles away from the battle only to slay every man they could find. This was thought caused by the Londoner's steadfast support for Monfort and their animosity toward Henry & especially Edward's mother Queen Eleanor (including the London mob's attack on her barge July 1263). From these beginnings Edward had a lifelong hatred for Londoners. On the eve of the Battle of Lewes, 14 May 1264, after Henry had refused the entreaty of the Bishops of London & Worcester (Walter de Cantelou) to negotiate, Simon formally renounced all allegiance to Henry, & was followed by his men. including Gilbert de Clare, Hugh le Despenser, Humfrey de Bohun VI "the Younger", John Giffard, Sir John FitzJohn, Nicholas de Segrave, & Robert de Vere. Clare & Vere had the most to lose of any rebel supporters. At the battle itself, the left flank of green & hastily trained but no battle-experience Londoners was under the command of Nicholas de Segrave with 2nd an inexperienced John Giffard; the right flank was commanded by Simon's sons Henry & Guy de Montfort (Bran still being held in captivity at Windsor Castle by Henry) with 2nd Humphrey de Bohun VI "the Younger", the center column was commanded by Gilbert de Clare, 2nded by Sir John FitzJohn, with Simon himself commanding the new reserve force 2nded by Hugh le Despenser. For the Royalists, Henry commanded the center column, Richard of Cornwall commanded the left flank, & Edward commanded the vanguard. Royalist forces outnumbered the rebels by some 2:1 with some 10,000 men. Henry's force was augmented by a Scots force sent by his son in law Alexander III the Glorious, King of Scotland. With Edward were Dafydd ap Gruffydd, Hugh le Bigod, Henry Plantagenet of Almaine, Richard of Cornwall's son (& Edward's cousin & Simon's nephew), & John de Warenne. At the time of the battle, Simon was thought to be miles away, & still unable to ride a horse due to his broken leg. After Edward had absented himself from the field so long (carrying out his vengeance on the Londoners) Simon attacked & obliterated King Henry's force. Henry fled to the Priory. Richard of Cornwall was captured by Gilbert de Clare. When Edward & his men found out, Edward was urged to flee to Pevensey Castle & from there toward France. Edward refused to abandon his father, but the de Lusignans fled the battle, as did John de Warenne, Hugh le Bigod, Dafydd ap Gruddydd & over 300 knights. Only Edward's cousin Henry of Almaine (Richard of Cornwall's son) & Edwards household knights remained with him. Edward got through John FitzJohn's surrounding encampment to his father in the priory, Simon then offered a 12 hour truce & accepted their surrender the following morning. Lewes resulted in 2700 known dead (one of every five men). Under the Mise of Lewes, the Oxford Provisions were again reinstated as the law of the land, with an arbitration commission. Under no circumstances could Henry appoint aliens onto his council. Henry's extravagent spending was also to be brought under control & he to live within his means & pay off his enormous debts. A full amnesty was proclaimed for all rebels. No ransoms were to be paid for men captured at Lewes nor earlier at Northampton. Edward & Henry of Almaine surrendered themselves as hostages for their fathers' good faith. Edward was confined at Wallingford Castle with Richard of Cornwall. King Henry was lodged securely at the palace of the Bishop of London, In June 1264, Simon called a Parliament, one that included knights & town officials. The effect of Lewes that while Henry was still King, Simon had command of the realm. He also called for the terms of the Chivalric code to cover not only knights, but also commoners & Jews. In October 1264, the Pope (who hated Simon & the English Lords who had refused to succor his (the Pope's) abortive plans for Sicily) formally excommunicated Simon, his sons Henry, Bran & Guy, Gilbert de Clare, Hugh le Despenser, the Mayor of London Thomas FitzThomas, & many of their supporters. The Bishops of Worcester, London & Winchester refused to publish the sentence of anathema; the Pope laid England under Interdict Oct 21 1264, but the English clergy continued to support Simon & services & rites of the Church continued to be performed. After the great victory, Simon's problems with governing began to mount. He wielded the King's authority without the right, & many began to question his motives for power. Also, an economic crises mounted as the sailors of the Cinque Ports had siezed all shipping in the Channel. In November 1264, kinsmen of the Earl of Hereford, Humphrey de Bohun V (Humphrey de Bohun VI was a staunch Montfort supporter) waged an attack on Wallingford Castle to free Edward. Guy de Montfort, Edward's cousin & Simon's son, cooly told Edward to have the besiegers call off the attack or he (Guy) would order Edward hurled at them in the Castle mangonel. Such was the bad blood between them that Edward did as ordered. At the Battle of Kenilworth, Edward borrowed from Simon's never before heard of tactics & underwent & forced night march of 30 miles & surprised Bran de Montfort outside Kenilworth Castle (Bran had foolishly encamped outside, rather than in, the castle). Bran had a large army & cache of supplies gathered for the relief of Simon, who had been trapped in Wales for a month; however, Bran had been lax in speedily coming to his father's rescue & in enforcing military discipline. Edward's forces completely overwhelmed Bran's army; Edward captured so many horses he was able to mount every man in his army. At Evesham (4 Aug 1265) Edward flew false colors of Robert de Vere of Oxford (captured at Kenilworth) & of Bran and entrapped Simon there. It was less a battle than a slaughter; Edward allowed his men to mutilate the dead, etc.

In the Barons war 1264-67 he defeated the Barons at Evesham (1265) as King
he is noted for encouraging Parliamentary institutions at the expence of
feaudalism and for subdueing Wales on which he imposed the English system of administration. This was after his first campaign in Wales when he was still prince. He & his father Henry III were led an army into Gwynedd & were defeated at Deganwy Castle August 1257 leaving all of Wales (and all of Prince Edward's Welsh lands) in the control of Llywelyn ap Gruffydd. Edward & Henry's forces were defeated by Llywelyn in less than a month. He later tried to assert his authority over Scotland and died while on his way to fight Robert Bruce.
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REF: British Monarchy Official Website: Edward I (1272-1307), who succeeded his father, was an able administrator and law maker. He re-established royal power, investigating many of the abuses resulting from weak royal government
and issuing new laws. Edward was an effective soldier, gaining experience from going on crusade to Egypt and Syria before he became king. In 1276
Edward invaded Wales where Llewelyn ap Gruffydd, Prince of Wales, had built up considerable power. In a series of campaigns Edward gained control of Wales, building strong castles to secure his conquests. Llewelyn was killed
and in 1284, the Statute of Wales brought Wales under Edward's rule. In 1301, he created his eldest son, Edward, the first English Prince of Wales. Wanting to unite the country behind him and to raise money for all these campaigns, in 1295 the king called what became known as the 'Model Parliament'. To this he summoned not only the aristocracy and the prelates, but also the knights of
the shires, burgesses from the towns and junior clergy, thus creating a Parliament in approximately its modern form. From this date onwards, this
system of representation became the norm. In 1296 Edward invaded Scotland, successfully seizing the king of Scots and the Stone of Scone. However, a guerrilla war broke out and William Wallace, the Scottish leader, defeated the English at Stirling Bridge. Wallace was finally captured and executed in 1305. Edward died in 1307, when he was about to start another campaign against the
Scots. In 1314 Robert the Bruce, who had become king of Scots in 1306, defeated the English at the Battle of Bannockburn.

REF: Sharon Kay Penman "Falls the Shadow": He was on fairly friendly & respectful terms with his uncle, Simon de Montfort, and even initially supported Simon's calls for honoring the Oxford Provisions. But, after Richard of Cornwall's mediation in the dispute between Edward & his father Henry, Simon had his final break with de Montort in April 1260. In late June 1260, Edward, attempting to alleviate Henry's money crisis, by subterfuge under cover of darkness requested admittance into the New Temple of the Knights Templar in London & robbed the treasuries of the city guilds. In June 1263 Prince Edward's foreign Flemish troops burned Bristol; the populace rose up & besieged him & his army in the castle. The Bishop of Worcester, Walter de Cantelou placated the townsfolk by taking Edward's pladge to make peace with de Montfort & the barons (Edward had no intention of honoring his pledge). March 1264 Simon's sons Henry & Bran de Montfort trap Prince Edward at Gloucester Castle, but Edward solemnly avows to Henry (they were extremely close, growing up together) that if Henry grants him a truce he will work with King Henry & Richard of Cornwall to arrange a truce & avoid war. Henry de Montfort was in command, & believed him. Edward was lying through his teeth. As soon as Henry & Bran de Montfort's army were out of sight, Edward siezed the town & imposed harsh fines & penalties. On April 5 1264 the defeat at Northampton by Edward of Simon's forces (de MOntfort was in London) crippled rebel forces. Northampton defenses had been allowed to decay in the years previous to de Montfort's occupation there, plus the battle was lost due to the treachery of the Prior at St. Andrew's. After the defeat, Edward allowed his army to have their sport on the town, culminating in utter destruction, rapine, murder, etc. of its inhabitants. Some 80 barons & knights were taken prisoner & the rebel army was gutted. The defeat touched off a riot in London (since Londoners were very favorable to Simon) on Apr 9, 1264 in which hundreds, mainly Jews, were slain. In May 1264 Edward looted lands of Robert de Ferrers, the Earl of Derby, & after Derby lost Tutbury Castle, he defected from Simon's support. King Henry meanwhile took Leicester & Nottingham. Simon & Gilbert de Clare attacked Rochester Castle (which surrendered) & besieged the town when Edward approached L

Edward married Alianore De Castille Cts De Ponthieu on 18 Oct 1254 in Abbey DE Las Huelgas, Burgos, Castile. Alianore (daughter of St. Ferdinand King Of Castile & LeÛn, III and Johanna De Dammartin Cts De Ponthieu) was born about 1241 in Of Burgos, Castile, Spain; died on 29 Nov 1290 in Herdeby (Near Grantham), Lincolnshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Edward married Marguerite Capet Le Hardi, De France on 10 Sep 1299 in Canterbury Cathedral, Kent, England. Marguerite (daughter of Philippe III The Bold Le Hardi King Of France and Marie De Brabant) was born in 1279 in Paris, France; died between 14 Feb 1316 and 1317 in Marlborough Castle, Wiltshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Alexander King Of Scotland, III. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Jean De Dreux, II. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Interred: Westminster Abbey, London, England.; Fact 1
• Fact 2: Invested By The Pope In The Kingdom Of Sicily And Apulia (1253).; Fact 2
• Fact 3: Made Earl Of Chester About 1253.; Fact 3
• Fact 4: Obtained Upon The Forfeiture Of Simon DE Montfort By King Edward Leicester.; Fact 4
• Fact 5: Obtained Stewardship Of England And The Lands Of Nicolas DE Segrave.; Fact 5
• Fact 8: M.P. 1276.; Fact 8
• Name: Edmund Of Lancaster
• Fact 6: 26 Oct 1265, 1st Earl Of Lancaster & High Steward Of England.; Fact 6
• Fact 7: 26 Oct 1265, His Father Henry III Invested Him With Earldom Of Leicester.; Fact 7
• Alt. Death: 5 Jun 1296, Bayonne, France; Alt. Death

Notes:

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In 1253 he was invested by the Pope in the Kingdom of Sicily and Apulia, at
about this time he was also made Earl of Chester. These were of little value
as the real King of Sicily was still Undisclosed and the Earldom of Chester was
transfered to his elder brother Edward. He soon obtained, however, both
possessions and dignities, for upon the forfeiture of Simon de Montfort by the
King of the Earldom of Leicester and also the honour of the Stewardship of
England and the lands of Nicolas de Segrave.

REF: Sharon Kay Penman, "The Reckoning": Split with his brother Edward over the latter's decision, after he took Nazareth (1271-1272), to allow his men to kill the Arab townsfolk, in reprisal for the Arabs' massacre of Christians at Jaffa & Antioch.

Edmund married Queen Of Navarr Blanche Capet De Artois in 1276 in Paris, Seine, France. Blanche (daughter of Robert Capet De Artois Ct De Artois, I and Mathilde De Brabant) was born about 1248 in Arras, France; died on 2 May 1302 in Paris, Seine, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Aveline De Forz. Aveline (daughter of William De Forz and Isabel De Redvers) was born between 20 Jan 1258 and 1259; died on 10 Nov 1274 in Stockwell, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Fernando De La Cerda De Castile. Fernando (son of Alfonso X The Wise King Of Castile & LeÛn and Violante De AragÛn) was born after Dec 1255; died in Aug 1275 in Ciudad Real. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Acceded: 1285 As King Of Naples, Sicily & Jerusalem.; Fact 1
• Fact 2: Duke Of Anjou 1285-1290, Abdicated. Count Of Provence.; Fact 2
• Fact 3: Buried In Eglise DE Notre-Dame DE Nazareth.; Fact 3
• Fact 4: Aka Charles Capet.; Fact 4
• Name: Charles II Capet King Of Sicily & Jerusalem

Charles married Maria Of Hungary in 1270. Maria (daughter of Stephen V Of Hungary King Of Hungary and Elizabeth Of Kumanien) was born between 1257 and 1258 in Budapest, Hungary; died on 25 Mar 1323. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Blanche Capet De France. Blanche (daughter of St. Louis IX Capet King Of France and Marguerite Berenger, De Provence) was born on 4 Dec 1240 in Jaffa, Palestine; died on 17 Jun 1320 in Paris, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Sancho married Maria Alfonsa De Molina in Jul 1281 in Toledo, Spain. Maria (daughter of Alfonse De Molina Sn De Molina Y Mesa and Mayor Alfonsa De Meneses) was born after 1260; died on 1 Jul 1321 in Valladolid. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Acceded 1285. Interred St. Denis, France.; Fact 1
• Fact 2: Through Wife Joan Also The King Of Navarre.; Fact 2
• Fact 3: Suppressed & Destroyed The Order Of The Knights Templar, Friday, 13 Oct. 1307.; Fact 3

Philippe married Joan (Juana) I De Navarre Queen Of Navarre on 16 Aug 1284 in Notre Dame DE Paris, France. Joan (daughter of Henri I The Fat De Troyes King Of Navarre and Queen Of Navarr Blanche Capet De Artois) was born between Jan 1271 and 1272 in Bar-Sur-Seine, Aube, France; died on 2 Apr 1305 in Ch‚teau DE Vincennes Paris, Val-DE-Marne, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Acceded: 1290. Buried In Paris St-Jacques.; Fact 1
• Fact 2: Comte DE Valois.; Fact 2
• Alt. Death: 16 Dec 1325, Nogent-Le-Roy; Alt. Death

Charles married Mahaud De Chatillon in 1308. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Charles married Catherine De Courtenay in 1302. Catherine was born in 1274; died in 1308. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Charles married Marguerite De Sicily on 16 Aug 1290 in Corbeil, Marne, France. Marguerite (daughter of Charles II The Lame De Salerno King Of Naples and Maria Of Hungary) was born between 1273 and 1274 in Naples, Sicily; died on 31 Dec 1299. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Founded The Nunnery At Coimbra.; Fact 1
• Fact 2: After Her Husband Died She Was Able To Live As A Nun In The Nunnery At Coimbra.; Fact 2
• Fact 3: She Died Seeking A Peace Between Her Son Alfonso VI & His Son-In-Law; Fact 3
• Fact 4: The King Of Castile.; Fact 4
• Fact 5: Interred: Coimbra.; Fact 5

Isabel married Dionisio (Dennis) The Farmer King Of Portugal on 24 Jun 1282 in Trancoso, Guarda, Portugal. Dionisio (son of Alphonso King Of Portugal & Algarve, III and Beatrice Alfonso De Castile) was born on 9 Oct 1261; died in 1325. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Acceded: 1291.; Fact 1

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Interred: Valladolid.; Fact 1

Constanza married Fernando IV The King Of Castile & LeÛn in 1302 in Valladolid. Fernando (son of Sancho IV The Fierce King Of Castile & LeÛn and Maria Alfonsa De Molina) was born on 6 Dec 1285 in Seville, Spain; died on 7 Dec 1312 in Jaen. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Acceded: 1325; Fact 1

Afonso married Beatrix De Castile De Castile on 12 Sep 1309 in Lisbon, Portugal. Beatrix (daughter of Sancho IV The Fierce King Of Castile & LeÛn and Maria Alfonsa De Molina) was born in 1293 in Toro; died on 25 Oct 1359 in Lisbon, Portugal. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Acceded: 20 Jan 1236 (Queen Of Engl.), Westminster Abbey, London, England.; Fact 1
• Fact 2: After King Henry Died She Took The Veil At Amesbury.; Fact 2
• Fact 3: Interred: Convent Church, Amesbury.; Fact 3
• Fact 4: Barons.; Well Educated, High Spirited, Pretty. Not Very Popular W
• Fact 5: Hated By The Commoners For Her Lavish Tastes & French Patronage.; Fact 5
• Fact 6: Most Unpopular Queen Since The Days Of The Conqueror.; Fact 6
• Fact 8: Rescued By Henry's Enemy Thomas Fitzthomas, Mayor Of London.; Fact 8
• Fact 7: Jul 1263, Attacked By Mob As She Attempted To Escape London Up The Thames.; Fact 7
• Fact 9: Nov 1264, After Henry's Defeat At Lewes, Tried To Organize An Army To Invade From Flanders; Fact 9

Eleonore married Henry III Plantagenet King Of England between 14 Jan 1235 and 1236 in Canterbury, Kent, England. Henry (son of John Lackland Plantagenet King Of England and Isabella Taillefer, De AngoulÍme) was born on 1 Oct 1207 in Winchester Castle, Hampshire, England; died on 16 Nov 1272 in Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, England; was buried in Westminster Abbey, London, Middlesex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Buried In St.-Denis.; Fact 1

Marguerite married St. Louis IX Capet King Of France in May 1234. St. (son of Louis VIII Capet The Lion King Of France and Blanca De Castile) was born on 25 Apr 1214 in Chateau Of Poissy, Yvelines, France; died on 25 Aug 1270 in Near Tunis, Tunisia, Africa. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Acceded: 1245. Buried In Roque Pymont.; Fact 1

Beatrice married Charles I Capet De King Of Naples & Sicily between 31 Jan 1245 and 1246. Charles (son of Louis VIII Capet The Lion King Of France and Blanca De Castile) was born between 21 Mar 1225 and 1226 in Anjou, France; died between 7 Jan 1284 and 1285 in Foggia Castle, Foggia, Italy. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Of Zaragoza, Spain.; Fact 1

Violante married Alfonso X The Wise King Of Castile & LeÛn on 26 Nov 1248 in Valladolid. Alfonso (son of St. Ferdinand King Of Castile & LeÛn, III and Beatrice (Elizabeth) Hohenstaufen, Of Swabia) was born on 23 Nov 1221 in Toledo, Spain; died in 1284 in Seville, Spain. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Buried In St-Denis.; Fact 1

Isabel married Philippe III The Bold Le Hardi King Of France on 28 May 1262 in Clermont-Ferrand, Puy-DE-Denis, France. Philippe (son of King Louis IX Louis IX France and Marguerite Of Provence) was born on 1 May 1245 in Poissy, Yvelines, France; died on 5 Oct 1285 in Perpignan, Pyrenees-Orienta, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Acceded: 1276. King Of Sicily 1282-1285. King Of AragÛn 1276-1285.; Fact 1

Family/Spouse: Constance Hohenstaufen De Sicily. Constance (daughter of Manfred De Siciliy King Of Naples & Sicily and Beatrix De Savoie) was born about 1250 in Of Sicily, Italy; died in 1302. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Provided A Safe Haven For The Knights Templar.; Fact 1
• Fact 2: Due To Papal Pressure, Dissolved Templars (Without Persecution) In 1312.; Fact 2
• Fact 3: Founded Order Of Christ 1318, All Templar Ppty & Personnel Transferred To New Or; Fact 3

Dionisio married Isabel Pedra (St. Elizabeth) De AragÛn on 24 Jun 1282 in Trancoso, Guarda, Portugal. Isabel (daughter of Pedro III The Great De AragÛn King Of AragÛn and Constance Hohenstaufen De Sicily) was born between 4 Jan 1270 and 1271 in Saragosa; died on 4 Jul 1336 in Estremos. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Sole Mistress Of Estates Of Her Son Gilbert During His Minority.; Fact 1
• Fact 2: She Controlled Them With Marked Ability.; Fact 2
• Fact 3: She Introduced Important Modifications To Administration Of The Estate.; Fact 3
• Fact 4: One Of Greatest Examples In 13Th Century England Of Ability Of Women To Govern.; Fact 4
• Fact 5: Countess Of Gloucester & Hertford.; Fact 5
• Fact 6: Interred: 26 Apr 1307, Priory Church Of The Austin Friars, Clare.; Fact 6
• Name: Joan Of Acre Plantagenet Cts Of Gloucester
• Alt. Birth: 1272, Palestine; Alt. Birth
• Alt. Death: 1307, England; Alt. Death

Notes:

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Joan of Acre died in April, 1307, but during her tenure of the inheritance of Gloucester important modifications were introduced in its administrative structure. After Isabella de Fortibus, dowager countess of Devon and Aumale (1262-93), Countess Joan stands as perhaps the best example in thirteenth century English history of the ability of a widow to run the estates and otherwise manage the complex affairs of a great comital house."
--- Michael Altschul, *A Baronial Family in Medieval England: The Clares,
1217-1314*, Baltimore MD (Johns Hopkins Press) 1965. p 38-39.

Joan married Gilbert The Red De Clare Earl Of Gloucester on 30 Apr 1290 in Westminster Abbey, London, Middlesex, England. Gilbert (son of Richard De Clare Earl Of Gloucester & Hertford and Maude De Lacy Cts De Lincoln) was born on 2 Sep 1243 in Christchurch, Hampshire, England; died on 7 Dec 1299 in Monmouth Castle, Monmouthshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Ralph De Monthermer. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: John Duke Of Brabant, II. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Interred: 23 May 1316, Walden Abbey, Essex.; Fact 1
• Alt. Birth: 7 Aug 1282; Alt. Birth

Family/Spouse: Johann Graf Von Holland\. Johann died on 10 Nov 1299. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Elizabeth married Humphry De Bohun Earl Of Hereford & Essex, VIII on 14 Nov 1302 in London, London, England. Humphry (son of Humphry De Bohun Earl Of Hereford & Essex, VII and Maud De Fiennes) was born in 1276 in England; died between 16 Mar 1321 and 1322 in Battle Of Boroughbridge, Yorkshire. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Category: English Royalty - Plantagenet Line
• Fact 1: Acceded: 7 Jul 1307. Reigned 1307-1327. Deposed 1327.; Fact 1
• Fact 2: Interred: Gloucester Cathedral.; Fact 2
• Fact 3: Deposed. Murdered By Roger DE Mortimer, His Wife's Lover.; Fact 3
• Fact 4: 1st Prince Of Wales.; Fact 4
• Fact 5: Reign Bothered By Extravagances & Militarist Disasters In Scotland.; Fact 5
• Fact 6: Defeated In Scotland At Bannockburn (1314) By Robert The Bruce.; Fact 6
• Fact 7: Unpopularity Of His Favourite Peers Helped Cause His Downfall.; Fact 7
• Fact 8: Peers: Gaveston Died 1312, Hugh Le Despencer 1262-1326.; Fact 8
• Name: Edward II Plantagenent

Notes:

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Reigned 1307-1327 deposed and murdered. 1st Prince of Wales His reign was troubled by extravagances, his militarist disasters in Scotland notably at Bannockburn (1314) and unpopularity of his favourite peers Piers de Gaveston who died in 1312 and Hugh le Despencer 1262-1326.

REF: British Monarchy Official Website: Edward II (reigned 1307-27) had few of the qualities which made a successful medieval king. He surrounded himself with favourites, and the barons, feeling excluded from power, rebelled. Throughout his reign different baronial groups struggled to gain power and control the King. The nobles' Ordinances of 1311, which attempted to limit royal control of finance and appointments, were ignored by Edward. Large debts (many inherited) and the Scots' victory at Bannockburn made Edward more unpopular. Finally, in 1326, Edward's wife, Isabelle of France, led an invasion
against her husband. In 1327 Edward was made to renounce the throne in favour of his son, Edward, and was later murdered at Berkeley Castle
Acceded 1307-1327.

Edward II
Edward II (reigned 1307-27) had few of the qualities that made a successful medieval king. Edward surrounded himself with favourites (the best known being a Gascon, Piers Gaveston), and the barons, feeling excluded from power, rebelled. Throughout his reign, different baronial groups struggled to gain power and control the King. The nobles' ordinances of 1311, which attempted to limit royal control of finance and appointments, were counteracted by Edward. Large debts (many inherited) and the Scots' victory at Bannockburn by Robert the Bruce in 1314 made Edward more unpopular.
Edward's victory in a civil war (1321-2) and such measures as the 1326 ordinance (a protectionist measure which set up compulsory markets or staples in 14 English, Welsh and Irish towns for the wool trade) did not lead to any compromise between the King and the nobles. Finally, in 1326, Edward's wife, Isabella of France, led an invasion against her husband. In 1327 Edward was made to renounce the throne in favour of his son Edward (the first time that an anointed king of England had been dethroned since Ethelred in 1013). Edward II was later murdered at Berkeley Castle.
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Reigned 1307-1327 deposed and murdered. 1st Prince of Wales His reign was troubled by extravagances, his militarist disasters in Scotland notably at Bannockburn (1314) and unpopularity of his favourite peers Piers de Gaveston who died in 1312 and Hugh le Despencer 1262-1326.

REF: British Monarchy Official Website: Edward II (reigned 1307-27) had few of the qualities which made a successful medieval king. He surrounded himself with favourites, and the barons, feeling excluded from power, rebelled. Throughout his reign different baronial groups struggled to gain power and control the King. The nobles' Ordinances of 1311, which attempted to limit royal control of finance and appointments, were ignored by Edward. Large debts (many inherited) and the Scots' victory at Bannockburn made Edward more unpopular. Finally, in 1326, Edward's wife, Isabelle of France, led an invasion
against her husband. In 1327 Edward was made to renounce the throne in favour of his son, Edward, and was later murdered at Berkeley Castle

Died:
Disembowelled at orders of Roger de Mortimer & Edward's wife Isabella.

Edward married Isabelle De France between 25 Jan 1307 and 1308 in Boulogne, Pas-DE-Calais, France. Isabelle (daughter of King Phillipe IV Philippe IV The Fair Capet King Of France and Joan (Juana) I De Navarre Queen Of Navarre) was born in 1292 in Paris, France; died on 22 Aug 1358 in Hertford Castle, Hertfordshsire, England; was buried in Christ Church, Newgate, London, Middlesex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Acceded: 16 Dec 1312.; Fact 1
• Fact 2: The First Earl Marshall Of England.; Fact 2
• Fact 3: Interred: Abbey Of Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk.; Fact 3
• Alt. Birth: 1 Jun 1300, Brotherton, Yorkshire, England; Alt. Birth

Thomas married Alice De Hales between 1316 and 1318. Alice (daughter of Roger De Hales, Of Harwich) was born in 1302 in Of Harwich, Essex, England; died after 8 May 1326. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Acceded: 1321. Earl Of Arundel.; Fact 1
• Fact 2: Aka Edmund Plantagenet Of Woodstock.; Fact 2
• Fact 3: A Monk Convinced Edmund Abt 1330 That His 1/2 Brother Edward II Was Still Alive.; Fact 3
• Fact 4: Based On This Edmund Wrote Letters To Generate Support For Edward's Restoration.; Fact 4
• Fact 5: Edward III Intercepted The Letters & Judged Them To Be Treasonous.; Fact 5
• Fact 6: Therefore Edward III Had Edmund Executed.; Fact 6
• Alt. Birth: 5 Aug 1301, Woodstock, Oxfordshire, England; Alt. Birth

Notes:

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Weir suggests that Robert and Thomas were fictional sons of Edmund.

Died:
Beheaded.

Edmund married Margaret Le Wake Of Liddell Bss Wake on 25 Dec 1325. Margaret (daughter of John Le Wake Lord Wake and Joanna De Fiennes) was born about 1299; died on 29 Sep 1349. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Maud Fitz Oates. Maud (daughter of Thomas Fitz Otes and Beatrice De Beauchamp) died in 1324 in England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Created 3Rd Earl Of Lancaster 10 May 1324.; Fact 1
• Fact 2: Interred: Newark Abbey, Leicester.; Fact 2
• Fact 3: And Earl Of Leicester 1324.; Fact 3
• Fact 4: One Of The Leaders Of The Great Confederacy Which Overturned The Despensers.; Fact 4
• Fact 5: In So Doing, They Deposed King Edward Ii.; Fact 5
• Fact 6: Appointed Guardian Of The Young King Edward Iii.; Fact 6
• Fact 7: Appointed Captain-General Of All The King's Forces In The Marches Of Scotland.; Fact 7
• Fact 8: Lord Of Beaumont And Nogent 1336.; Fact 8
• Fact 9: M.P. 1298/9.; Fact 9
• Name: Henry Of Lancaster

Family/Spouse: Alice De Joinville. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Henry married Maud De Chaworth between 2 Mar 1296 and 1297 in Kidwelly, Carmarthenshire, Wales. Maud (daughter of Patric De Chaworth Lord Kidwillyin, II and Isabella De Beauchamp) was born about 1282 in Kidwelly, Carmarthenshire, Wales; died before 3 Dec 1322 in England; was buried in Mottisfont Priory. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

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Some sources say born 1275.

Fernando married Juana Nunez De Lara in 1308. Juana was born in 1285; died in 1351 in Palencia. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Aka Margaret Of Anjou.; Fact 1
• Fact 2: Buried In Paris St-Jacques.; Fact 2
• Name: Margaret Of Anjou

Marguerite married Charles III De Valois Capet Duc De Anjou on 16 Aug 1290 in Corbeil, Marne, France. Charles (son of Philippe III The Bold Le Hardi King Of France and Isabel De AragÛn) was born between 12 Mar 1269 and 1270 in Fontainebleau, France; died on 16 Dec 1325 in Nogent-Le-Roy, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Fernando married Constanza De Portugal in 1302 in Valladolid. Constanza (daughter of Dionisio (Dennis) The Farmer King Of Portugal and Isabel Pedra (St. Elizabeth) De AragÛn) was born between 3 Jan 1289 and 1290; died on 18 Nov 1313 in Sahagun. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

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From Burke, which is often fallible.

Beatrix married Afonso IV 'O Osado' King Of Portugal & Algarve on 12 Sep 1309 in Lisbon, Portugal. Afonso (son of Dionisio (Dennis) The Farmer King Of Portugal and Isabel Pedra (St. Elizabeth) De AragÛn) was born between 8 Feb 1290 and 1291 in Lisbon, Portugal; died on 28 May 1357 in Lisbon, Portugal. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Acceded Navarre 1305-

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alt. Birth: 1292, France; Alt. Birth

Isabelle married Edward II Plantagenet King Of England between 25 Jan 1307 and 1308 in Boulogne, Pas-DE-Calais, France. Edward (son of Edward I Longshanks Plantagenet King Of England and Alianore De Castille Cts De Ponthieu) was born on 25 Apr 1284 in Caernarvon Castle, Caernarvonshire, Wales; died on 21 Sep 1327 in Berkeley Castle, Gloucestershire, England; was buried in Gloucester Cathedral. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Acceded France 1328-

Philippe married Blanche Navarre in 1350 in Paris, France. Blanche was born in 1330; died in 1398 in France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Jeanne De Bourgogne. Jeanne was born in 1293; died in 1349 in France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Jeanne married Guillaume III Le Bon Ct De Hainault & Holland on 19 May 1305 in Longpont, Aisen, France. Guillaume (son of Jean II De Hainault Ct De Holland and Philippa De Luxemburg) was born about 1286 in Avesnes, Pas-DE-Calais, France; died on 7 Jun 1337 in Valenciennes, Nord, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Interred: Valladolid.; Fact 1

Constanza married Fernando IV The King Of Castile & LeÛn in 1302 in Valladolid. Fernando (son of Sancho IV The Fierce King Of Castile & LeÛn and Maria Alfonsa De Molina) was born on 6 Dec 1285 in Seville, Spain; died on 7 Dec 1312 in Jaen. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Acceded: 1325; Fact 1

Afonso married Beatrix De Castile De Castile on 12 Sep 1309 in Lisbon, Portugal. Beatrix (daughter of Sancho IV The Fierce King Of Castile & LeÛn and Maria Alfonsa De Molina) was born in 1293 in Toro; died on 25 Oct 1359 in Lisbon, Portugal. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Acceded: 1327.; Fact 1

Alfonso married Leonor De Castile De Castile between 5 Feb 1328 and 1329 in Tarazona. Leonor (daughter of Fernando IV The King Of Castile & LeÛn and Constanza De Portugal) was born in 1307; died in 1359 in Chateau DE Catroheriz. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Died:
Murdered.

Leonor married Alfonso IV The Benign De AragÛn King Of AragÛn between 5 Feb 1328 and 1329 in Tarazona. Alfonso (son of Jaime II The Just King Of AragÛn & Sicily) died in 1336. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Died:
Died of the Plague.

Alfonso married Maria De Portugal in Sep 1328. Maria was born in 1313; died in 1357. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Leonora De Guzm·n. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

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Burke says died 1387.

Family/Spouse: Teresa Gille Lourenco. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Leonor married Pedro IV The Ceremonius King Of AragÛn in 1347. Pedro (son of Alfonso IV The Benign De AragÛn King Of AragÛn and Leonor De Castile De Castile) died in 1387. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Category: English Royalty - Plantagenet Line
• Fact 1: Acceded: 19 Aug 1274, Westminster Abbey, London, England.; Fact 1
• Fact 3: Reigned 1272-1307.; Fact 3
• Fact 4: In The Barons War 1264-67 He Defeated The Barons At Evesham (1265).; Fact 4
• Fact 5: Noted For Encouraging Parliamentary Institutions At The Expence Of Feudalism.; Fact 5
• Fact 6: Subdued Wales On Which He Imposed The English System Of Administration.; Fact 6
• Fact 7: Tried To Assert His Authority Over Scotland.; Fact 7
• Fact 8: Died While On His Way To Fight Robert The Bruce.; Fact 8
• Fact 9: Had William Wallace, Scottish Patriot, Killed (Acc. To Legend).; Fact 9
• Name: Edward I Plantagenet
• Fact 2: 28 Oct 1307, Interred: Westminster Abbey, London, England; Fact 2

Notes:

Acceded 1272-1307.

Edward I
Edward I (1272-1307), who succeeded his father, was an able administrator and law-maker. He re-established royal power, investigating many of the abuses resulting from weak royal government and issuing new laws. Edward was an effective soldier, gaining experience from going on crusade to Syria before he became king. In 1277 Edward invaded Wales where Llewelyn ap Gruffydd, prince of Wales, had built up considerable power. In a series of campaigns Edward gained control of Wales, building strong castles to secure his conquests. Llewelyn was subdued before his death, by the 1277 treaty of Conway. In 1284, the Statute of Wales brought Wales under Edward's rule. In 1301, he created his eldest surviving son, Edward, the first English Prince of Wales.
Wanting to unite the country behind him and to raise money for his campaigns in Wales and Scotland (including another war in France in 1293), in 1295 the king called what became known as the 'Model Parliament'. To this he summoned not only the aristocracy, bishops and abbots, but also the knights of the shires, burgesses from the towns and junior clergy. (Although resembling Parliament in approximately its modern form, for most of the middle ages a parliament meant primarily the king and the lords, with the commons meeting separately. Under pressures of war, and the subsequent need for extraordinary taxation, parliament became a regular feature of royal rule, and this system of representation subsequently became more usual.)

In 1296 Edward invaded Scotland, successfully seizing the Stone of Scone; the king John Balliol abdicated and surrendered to Edward. However, a guerrilla war broke out and William Wallace, the Scottish leader, defeated the English at Stirling Bridge in 1297. Wallace was finally captured and executed in 1305. Edward died in 1307, when he was about to start another campaign against the Scots and their leader, Robert Bruce.
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REF: British Monarchy Official Website: Edward I (1272-1307), who succeeded his father, was an able administrator and law maker. He re-established royal power, investigating many of the abuses resulting from weak royal government
and issuing new laws. Edward was an effective soldier, gaining experience from going on crusade to Egypt and Syria before he became king. In 1276
Edward invaded Wales where Llewelyn ap Gruffydd, Prince of Wales, had built up considerable power. In a series of campaigns Edward gained control of Wales, building strong castles to secure his conquests. Llewelyn was killed
and in 1284, the Statute of Wales brought Wales under Edward's rule. In 1301, he created his eldest son, Edward, the first English Prince of Wales. Wanting to unite the country behind him and to raise money for all these campaigns, in 1295 the king called what became known as the 'Model Parliament'. To this he summoned not only the aristocracy and the prelates, but also the knights of
the shires, burgesses from the towns and junior clergy, thus creating a Parliament in approximately its modern form. From this date onwards, this
system of representation became the norm. In 1296 Edward invaded Scotland, successfully seizing the king of Scots and the Stone of Scone. However, a guerrilla war broke out and William Wallace, the Scottish leader, defeated the English at Stirling Bridge. Wallace was finally captured and executed in 1305. Edward died in 1307, when he was about to start another campaign against the
Scots. In 1314 Robert the Bruce, who had become king of Scots in 1306, defeated the English at the Battle of Bannockburn.

REF: Sharon Kay Penman "Falls the Shadow": He was on fairly friendly & respectful terms with his uncle, Simon de Montfort, and even initially supported Simon's calls for honoring the Oxford Provisions. But, after Richard of Cornwall's mediation in the dispute between Edward & his father Henry, Simon had his final break with de Montort in April 1260. In late June 1260, Edward, attempting to alleviate Henry's money crisis, by subterfuge under cover of darkness requested admittance into the New Temple of the Knights Templar in London & robbed the treasuries of the city guilds. In June 1263 Prince Edward's foreign Flemish troops burned Bristol; the populace rose up & besieged him & his army in the castle. The Bishop of Worcester, Walter de Cantelou placated the townsfolk by taking Edward's pladge to make peace with de Montfort & the barons (Edward had no intention of honoring his pledge). March 1264 Simon's sons Henry & Bran de Montfort trap Prince Edward at Gloucester Castle, but Edward solemnly avows to Henry (they were extremely close, growing up together) that if Henry grants him a truce he will work with King Henry & Richard of Cornwall to arrange a truce & avoid war. Henry de Montfort was in command, & believed him. Edward was lying through his teeth. As soon as Henry & Bran de Montfort's army were out of sight, Edward siezed the town & imposed harsh fines & penalties. On April 5 1264 the defeat at Northampton by Edward of Simon's forces (de MOntfort was in London) crippled rebel forces. Northampton defenses had been allowed to decay in the years previous to de Montfort's occupation there, plus the battle was lost due to the treachery of the Prior at St. Andrew's. After the defeat, Edward allowed his army to have their sport on the town, culminating in utter destruction, rapine, murder, etc. of its inhabitants. Some 80 barons & knights were taken prisoner & the rebel army was gutted. The defeat touched off a riot in London (since Londoners were very favorable to Simon) on Apr 9, 1264 in which hundreds, mainly Jews, were slain. In May 1264 Edward looted lands of Robert de Ferrers, the Earl of Derby, & after Derby lost Tutbury Castle, he defected from Simon's support. King Henry meanwhile took Leicester & Nottingham. Simon & Gilbert de Clare attacked Rochester Castle (which surrendered) & besieged the town when Edward approached London so Simon went back to defend it. King Henry & Edward were practicing fierce cruelty by chopping off the nads & feet of all common soldiers captured from de Montfort's army. The Cinque Ports & Dover Castle held fast for Simon, & did not obey Henry & Edward's command for a naval force to attack London. Thwarted, Edward takes Gilbert de Clare's Tonbridge Castle. Simon continued to hold London, but was surrounded by Edward & Henry. In May 1264, the Bishop of Chichester tried to convince Henry III to negotiate, but he refused. The Bishops of London & Worcester (Walter de Cantelou) try to do the same on the eve of the Battle of Lewes; again Henry refuses. At Lewes, Montfort was outnumbered 2:1; Royalist forces numbered some 10,000. Montfort introduced a new strategy to warfare; he established a reserve command to be commanded by himself, plus he intoduced the concept of the night march. He was thought to be miles away by the Royalist forces on the eve of the battle, but he & his army undertook a night march to focre the battle on May 14, 1264. Henry was utterly taken by surprise, & his garrison lodged at the Priory were in some confusion; however, Edward, who garrisoned his men at Lewes Castle, was able to meet the rebel left flank of greenhorn & untrained Londoners under the command of Nicholas de Segrave. Edward routed them with no care for the "rules" of war in that he & his knights undertook a pursuit miles away from the battle only to slay every man they could find. This was thought caused by the Londoner's steadfast support for Monfort and their animosity toward Henry & especially Edward's mother Queen Eleanor (including the London mob's attack on her barge July 1263). From these beginnings Edward had a lifelong hatred for Londoners. On the eve of the Battle of Lewes, 14 May 1264, after Henry had refused the entreaty of the Bishops of London & Worcester (Walter de Cantelou) to negotiate, Simon formally renounced all allegiance to Henry, & was followed by his men. including Gilbert de Clare, Hugh le Despenser, Humfrey de Bohun VI "the Younger", John Giffard, Sir John FitzJohn, Nicholas de Segrave, & Robert de Vere. Clare & Vere had the most to lose of any rebel supporters. At the battle itself, the left flank of green & hastily trained but no battle-experience Londoners was under the command of Nicholas de Segrave with 2nd an inexperienced John Giffard; the right flank was commanded by Simon's sons Henry & Guy de Montfort (Bran still being held in captivity at Windsor Castle by Henry) with 2nd Humphrey de Bohun VI "the Younger", the center column was commanded by Gilbert de Clare, 2nded by Sir John FitzJohn, with Simon himself commanding the new reserve force 2nded by Hugh le Despenser. For the Royalists, Henry commanded the center column, Richard of Cornwall commanded the left flank, & Edward commanded the vanguard. Royalist forces outnumbered the rebels by some 2:1 with some 10,000 men. Henry's force was augmented by a Scots force sent by his son in law Alexander III the Glorious, King of Scotland. With Edward were Dafydd ap Gruffydd, Hugh le Bigod, Henry Plantagenet of Almaine, Richard of Cornwall's son (& Edward's cousin & Simon's nephew), & John de Warenne. At the time of the battle, Simon was thought to be miles away, & still unable to ride a horse due to his broken leg. After Edward had absented himself from the field so long (carrying out his vengeance on the Londoners) Simon attacked & obliterated King Henry's force. Henry fled to the Priory. Richard of Cornwall was captured by Gilbert de Clare. When Edward & his men found out, Edward was urged to flee to Pevensey Castle & from there toward France. Edward refused to abandon his father, but the de Lusignans fled the battle, as did John de Warenne, Hugh le Bigod, Dafydd ap Gruddydd & over 300 knights. Only Edward's cousin Henry of Almaine (Richard of Cornwall's son) & Edwards household knights remained with him. Edward got through John FitzJohn's surrounding encampment to his father in the priory, Simon then offered a 12 hour truce & accepted their surrender the following morning. Lewes resulted in 2700 known dead (one of every five men). Under the Mise of Lewes, the Oxford Provisions were again reinstated as the law of the land, with an arbitration commission. Under no circumstances could Henry appoint aliens onto his council. Henry's extravagent spending was also to be brought under control & he to live within his means & pay off his enormous debts. A full amnesty was proclaimed for all rebels. No ransoms were to be paid for men captured at Lewes nor earlier at Northampton. Edward & Henry of Almaine surrendered themselves as hostages for their fathers' good faith. Edward was confined at Wallingford Castle with Richard of Cornwall. King Henry was lodged securely at the palace of the Bishop of London, In June 1264, Simon called a Parliament, one that included knights & town officials. The effect of Lewes that while Henry was still King, Simon had command of the realm. He also called for the terms of the Chivalric code to cover not only knights, but also commoners & Jews. In October 1264, the Pope (who hated Simon & the English Lords who had refused to succor his (the Pope's) abortive plans for Sicily) formally excommunicated Simon, his sons Henry, Bran & Guy, Gilbert de Clare, Hugh le Despenser, the Mayor of London Thomas FitzThomas, & many of their supporters. The Bishops of Worcester, London & Winchester refused to publish the sentence of anathema; the Pope laid England under Interdict Oct 21 1264, but the English clergy continued to support Simon & services & rites of the Church continued to be performed. After the great victory, Simon's problems with governing began to mount. He wielded the King's authority without the right, & many began to question his motives for power. Also, an economic crises mounted as the sailors of the Cinque Ports had siezed all shipping in the Channel. In November 1264, kinsmen of the Earl of Hereford, Humphrey de Bohun V (Humphrey de Bohun VI was a staunch Montfort supporter) waged an attack on Wallingford Castle to free Edward. Guy de Montfort, Edward's cousin & Simon's son, cooly told Edward to have the besiegers call off the attack or he (Guy) would order Edward hurled at them in the Castle mangonel. Such was the bad blood between them that Edward did as ordered. At the Battle of Kenilworth, Edward borrowed from Simon's never before heard of tactics & underwent & forced night march of 30 miles & surprised Bran de Montfort outside Kenilworth Castle (Bran had foolishly encamped outside, rather than in, the castle). Bran had a large army & cache of supplies gathered for the relief of Simon, who had been trapped in Wales for a month; however, Bran had been lax in speedily coming to his father's rescue & in enforcing military discipline. Edward's forces completely overwhelmed Bran's army; Edward captured so many horses he was able to mount every man in his army. At Evesham (4 Aug 1265) Edward flew false colors of Robert de Vere of Oxford (captured at Kenilworth) & of Bran and entrapped Simon there. It was less a battle than a slaughter; Edward allowed his men to mutilate the dead, etc.

In the Barons war 1264-67 he defeated the Barons at Evesham (1265) as King
he is noted for encouraging Parliamentary institutions at the expence of
feaudalism and for subdueing Wales on which he imposed the English system of administration. This was after his first campaign in Wales when he was still prince. He & his father Henry III were led an army into Gwynedd & were defeated at Deganwy Castle August 1257 leaving all of Wales (and all of Prince Edward's Welsh lands) in the control of Llywelyn ap Gruffydd. Edward & Henry's forces were defeated by Llywelyn in less than a month. He later tried to assert his authority over Scotland and died while on his way to fight Robert Bruce.
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REF: British Monarchy Official Website: Edward I (1272-1307), who succeeded his father, was an able administrator and law maker. He re-established royal power, investigating many of the abuses resulting from weak royal government
and issuing new laws. Edward was an effective soldier, gaining experience from going on crusade to Egypt and Syria before he became king. In 1276
Edward invaded Wales where Llewelyn ap Gruffydd, Prince of Wales, had built up considerable power. In a series of campaigns Edward gained control of Wales, building strong castles to secure his conquests. Llewelyn was killed
and in 1284, the Statute of Wales brought Wales under Edward's rule. In 1301, he created his eldest son, Edward, the first English Prince of Wales. Wanting to unite the country behind him and to raise money for all these campaigns, in 1295 the king called what became known as the 'Model Parliament'. To this he summoned not only the aristocracy and the prelates, but also the knights of
the shires, burgesses from the towns and junior clergy, thus creating a Parliament in approximately its modern form. From this date onwards, this
system of representation became the norm. In 1296 Edward invaded Scotland, successfully seizing the king of Scots and the Stone of Scone. However, a guerrilla war broke out and William Wallace, the Scottish leader, defeated the English at Stirling Bridge. Wallace was finally captured and executed in 1305. Edward died in 1307, when he was about to start another campaign against the
Scots. In 1314 Robert the Bruce, who had become king of Scots in 1306, defeated the English at the Battle of Bannockburn.

REF: Sharon Kay Penman "Falls the Shadow": He was on fairly friendly & respectful terms with his uncle, Simon de Montfort, and even initially supported Simon's calls for honoring the Oxford Provisions. But, after Richard of Cornwall's mediation in the dispute between Edward & his father Henry, Simon had his final break with de Montort in April 1260. In late June 1260, Edward, attempting to alleviate Henry's money crisis, by subterfuge under cover of darkness requested admittance into the New Temple of the Knights Templar in London & robbed the treasuries of the city guilds. In June 1263 Prince Edward's foreign Flemish troops burned Bristol; the populace rose up & besieged him & his army in the castle. The Bishop of Worcester, Walter de Cantelou placated the townsfolk by taking Edward's pladge to make peace with de Montfort & the barons (Edward had no intention of honoring his pledge). March 1264 Simon's sons Henry & Bran de Montfort trap Prince Edward at Gloucester Castle, but Edward solemnly avows to Henry (they were extremely close, growing up together) that if Henry grants him a truce he will work with King Henry & Richard of Cornwall to arrange a truce & avoid war. Henry de Montfort was in command, & believed him. Edward was lying through his teeth. As soon as Henry & Bran de Montfort's army were out of sight, Edward siezed the town & imposed harsh fines & penalties. On April 5 1264 the defeat at Northampton by Edward of Simon's forces (de MOntfort was in London) crippled rebel forces. Northampton defenses had been allowed to decay in the years previous to de Montfort's occupation there, plus the battle was lost due to the treachery of the Prior at St. Andrew's. After the defeat, Edward allowed his army to have their sport on the town, culminating in utter destruction, rapine, murder, etc. of its inhabitants. Some 80 barons & knights were taken prisoner & the rebel army was gutted. The defeat touched off a riot in London (since Londoners were very favorable to Simon) on Apr 9, 1264 in which hundreds, mainly Jews, were slain. In May 1264 Edward looted lands of Robert de Ferrers, the Earl of Derby, & after Derby lost Tutbury Castle, he defected from Simon's support. King Henry meanwhile took Leicester & Nottingham. Simon & Gilbert de Clare attacked Rochester Castle (which surrendered) & besieged the town when Edward approached London so Simon went back to defend it. King Henry & Edward were practicing fierce cruelty by chopping off the nads & feet of all common soldiers captured from de Montfort's army. The Cinque Ports & Dover Castle held fast for Simon, & did not obey Henry & Edward's command for a naval force to attack London. Thwarted, Edward takes Gilbert de Clare's Tonbridge Castle. Simon continued to hold London, but was surrounded by Edward & Henry. In May 1264, the Bishop of Chichester tried to convince Henry III to negotiate, but he refused. The Bishops of London & Worcester (Walter de Cantelou) try to do the same on the eve of the Battle of Lewes; again Henry refuses. At Lewes, Montfort was outnumbered 2:1; Royalist forces numbered some 10,000. Montfort introduced a new strategy to warfare; he established a reserve command to be commanded by himself, plus he intoduced the concept of the night march. He was thought to be miles away by the Royalist forces on the eve of the battle, but he & his army undertook a night march to focre the battle on May 14, 1264. Henry was utterly taken by surprise, & his garrison lodged at the Priory were in some confusion; however, Edward, who garrisoned his men at Lewes Castle, was able to meet the rebel left flank of greenhorn & untrained Londoners under the command of Nicholas de Segrave. Edward routed them with no care for the "rules" of war in that he & his knights undertook a pursuit miles away from the battle only to slay every man they could find. This was thought caused by the Londoner's steadfast support for Monfort and their animosity toward Henry & especially Edward's mother Queen Eleanor (including the London mob's attack on her barge July 1263). From these beginnings Edward had a lifelong hatred for Londoners. On the eve of the Battle of Lewes, 14 May 1264, after Henry had refused the entreaty of the Bishops of London & Worcester (Walter de Cantelou) to negotiate, Simon formally renounced all allegiance to Henry, & was followed by his men. including Gilbert de Clare, Hugh le Despenser, Humfrey de Bohun VI "the Younger", John Giffard, Sir John FitzJohn, Nicholas de Segrave, & Robert de Vere. Clare & Vere had the most to lose of any rebel supporters. At the battle itself, the left flank of green & hastily trained but no battle-experience Londoners was under the command of Nicholas de Segrave with 2nd an inexperienced John Giffard; the right flank was commanded by Simon's sons Henry & Guy de Montfort (Bran still being held in captivity at Windsor Castle by Henry) with 2nd Humphrey de Bohun VI "the Younger", the center column was commanded by Gilbert de Clare, 2nded by Sir John FitzJohn, with Simon himself commanding the new reserve force 2nded by Hugh le Despenser. For the Royalists, Henry commanded the center column, Richard of Cornwall commanded the left flank, & Edward commanded the vanguard. Royalist forces outnumbered the rebels by some 2:1 with some 10,000 men. Henry's force was augmented by a Scots force sent by his son in law Alexander III the Glorious, King of Scotland. With Edward were Dafydd ap Gruffydd, Hugh le Bigod, Henry Plantagenet of Almaine, Richard of Cornwall's son (& Edward's cousin & Simon's nephew), & John de Warenne. At the time of the battle, Simon was thought to be miles away, & still unable to ride a horse due to his broken leg. After Edward had absented himself from the field so long (carrying out his vengeance on the Londoners) Simon attacked & obliterated King Henry's force. Henry fled to the Priory. Richard of Cornwall was captured by Gilbert de Clare. When Edward & his men found out, Edward was urged to flee to Pevensey Castle & from there toward France. Edward refused to abandon his father, but the de Lusignans fled the battle, as did John de Warenne, Hugh le Bigod, Dafydd ap Gruddydd & over 300 knights. Only Edward's cousin Henry of Almaine (Richard of Cornwall's son) & Edwards household knights remained with him. Edward got through John FitzJohn's surrounding encampment to his father in the priory, Simon then offered a 12 hour truce & accepted their surrender the following morning. Lewes resulted in 2700 known dead (one of every five men). Under the Mise of Lewes, the Oxford Provisions were again reinstated as the law of the land, with an arbitration commission. Under no circumstances could Henry appoint aliens onto his council. Henry's extravagent spending was also to be brought under control & he to live within his means & pay off his enormous debts. A full amnesty was proclaimed for all rebels. No ransoms were to be paid for men captured at Lewes nor earlier at Northampton. Edward & Henry of Almaine surrendered themselves as hostages for their fathers' good faith. Edward was confined at Wallingford Castle with Richard of Cornwall. King Henry was lodged securely at the palace of the Bishop of London, In June 1264, Simon called a Parliament, one that included knights & town officials. The effect of Lewes that while Henry was still King, Simon had command of the realm. He also called for the terms of the Chivalric code to cover not only knights, but also commoners & Jews. In October 1264, the Pope (who hated Simon & the English Lords who had refused to succor his (the Pope's) abortive plans for Sicily) formally excommunicated Simon, his sons Henry, Bran & Guy, Gilbert de Clare, Hugh le Despenser, the Mayor of London Thomas FitzThomas, & many of their supporters. The Bishops of Worcester, London & Winchester refused to publish the sentence of anathema; the Pope laid England under Interdict Oct 21 1264, but the English clergy continued to support Simon & services & rites of the Church continued to be performed. After the great victory, Simon's problems with governing began to mount. He wielded the King's authority without the right, & many began to question his motives for power. Also, an economic crises mounted as the sailors of the Cinque Ports had siezed all shipping in the Channel. In November 1264, kinsmen of the Earl of Hereford, Humphrey de Bohun V (Humphrey de Bohun VI was a staunch Montfort supporter) waged an attack on Wallingford Castle to free Edward. Guy de Montfort, Edward's cousin & Simon's son, cooly told Edward to have the besiegers call off the attack or he (Guy) would order Edward hurled at them in the Castle mangonel. Such was the bad blood between them that Edward did as ordered. At the Battle of Kenilworth, Edward borrowed from Simon's never before heard of tactics & underwent & forced night march of 30 miles & surprised Bran de Montfort outside Kenilworth Castle (Bran had foolishly encamped outside, rather than in, the castle). Bran had a large army & cache of supplies gathered for the relief of Simon, who had been trapped in Wales for a month; however, Bran had been lax in speedily coming to his father's rescue & in enforcing military discipline. Edward's forces completely overwhelmed Bran's army; Edward captured so many horses he was able to mount every man in his army. At Evesham (4 Aug 1265) Edward flew false colors of Robert de Vere of Oxford (captured at Kenilworth) & of Bran and entrapped Simon there. It was less a battle than a slaughter; Edward allowed his men to mutilate the dead, etc.

In the Barons war 1264-67 he defeated the Barons at Evesham (1265) as King
he is noted for encouraging Parliamentary institutions at the expence of
feaudalism and for subdueing Wales on which he imposed the English system of administration. This was after his first campaign in Wales when he was still prince. He & his father Henry III were led an army into Gwynedd & were defeated at Deganwy Castle August 1257 leaving all of Wales (and all of Prince Edward's Welsh lands) in the control of Llywelyn ap Gruffydd. Edward & Henry's forces were defeated by Llywelyn in less than a month. He later tried to assert his authority over Scotland and died while on his way to fight Robert Bruce.
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REF: British Monarchy Official Website: Edward I (1272-1307), who succeeded his father, was an able administrator and law maker. He re-established royal power, investigating many of the abuses resulting from weak royal government
and issuing new laws. Edward was an effective soldier, gaining experience from going on crusade to Egypt and Syria before he became king. In 1276
Edward invaded Wales where Llewelyn ap Gruffydd, Prince of Wales, had built up considerable power. In a series of campaigns Edward gained control of Wales, building strong castles to secure his conquests. Llewelyn was killed
and in 1284, the Statute of Wales brought Wales under Edward's rule. In 1301, he created his eldest son, Edward, the first English Prince of Wales. Wanting to unite the country behind him and to raise money for all these campaigns, in 1295 the king called what became known as the 'Model Parliament'. To this he summoned not only the aristocracy and the prelates, but also the knights of
the shires, burgesses from the towns and junior clergy, thus creating a Parliament in approximately its modern form. From this date onwards, this
system of representation became the norm. In 1296 Edward invaded Scotland, successfully seizing the king of Scots and the Stone of Scone. However, a guerrilla war broke out and William Wallace, the Scottish leader, defeated the English at Stirling Bridge. Wallace was finally captured and executed in 1305. Edward died in 1307, when he was about to start another campaign against the
Scots. In 1314 Robert the Bruce, who had become king of Scots in 1306, defeated the English at the Battle of Bannockburn.

REF: Sharon Kay Penman "Falls the Shadow": He was on fairly friendly & respectful terms with his uncle, Simon de Montfort, and even initially supported Simon's calls for honoring the Oxford Provisions. But, after Richard of Cornwall's mediation in the dispute between Edward & his father Henry, Simon had his final break with de Montort in April 1260. In late June 1260, Edward, attempting to alleviate Henry's money crisis, by subterfuge under cover of darkness requested admittance into the New Temple of the Knights Templar in London & robbed the treasuries of the city guilds. In June 1263 Prince Edward's foreign Flemish troops burned Bristol; the populace rose up & besieged him & his army in the castle. The Bishop of Worcester, Walter de Cantelou placated the townsfolk by taking Edward's pladge to make peace with de Montfort & the barons (Edward had no intention of honoring his pledge). March 1264 Simon's sons Henry & Bran de Montfort trap Prince Edward at Gloucester Castle, but Edward solemnly avows to Henry (they were extremely close, growing up together) that if Henry grants him a truce he will work with King Henry & Richard of Cornwall to arrange a truce & avoid war. Henry de Montfort was in command, & believed him. Edward was lying through his teeth. As soon as Henry & Bran de Montfort's army were out of sight, Edward siezed the town & imposed harsh fines & penalties. On April 5 1264 the defeat at Northampton by Edward of Simon's forces (de MOntfort was in London) crippled rebel forces. Northampton defenses had been allowed to decay in the years previous to de Montfort's occupation there, plus the battle was lost due to the treachery of the Prior at St. Andrew's. After the defeat, Edward allowed his army to have their sport on the town, culminating in utter destruction, rapine, murder, etc. of its inhabitants. Some 80 barons & knights were taken prisoner & the rebel army was gutted. The defeat touched off a riot in London (since Londoners were very favorable to Simon) on Apr 9, 1264 in which hundreds, mainly Jews, were slain. In May 1264 Edward looted lands of Robert de Ferrers, the Earl of Derby, & after Derby lost Tutbury Castle, he defected from Simon's support. King Henry meanwhile took Leicester & Nottingham. Simon & Gilbert de Clare attacked Rochester Castle (which surrendered) & besieged the town when Edward approached L

Edward married Alianore De Castille Cts De Ponthieu on 18 Oct 1254 in Abbey DE Las Huelgas, Burgos, Castile. Alianore (daughter of St. Ferdinand King Of Castile & LeÛn, III and Johanna De Dammartin Cts De Ponthieu) was born about 1241 in Of Burgos, Castile, Spain; died on 29 Nov 1290 in Herdeby (Near Grantham), Lincolnshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Edward married Marguerite Capet Le Hardi, De France on 10 Sep 1299 in Canterbury Cathedral, Kent, England. Marguerite (daughter of Philippe III The Bold Le Hardi King Of France and Marie De Brabant) was born in 1279 in Paris, France; died between 14 Feb 1316 and 1317 in Marlborough Castle, Wiltshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Alexander King Of Scotland, III. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Jean De Dreux, II. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Interred: Westminster Abbey, London, England.; Fact 1
• Fact 2: Invested By The Pope In The Kingdom Of Sicily And Apulia (1253).; Fact 2
• Fact 3: Made Earl Of Chester About 1253.; Fact 3
• Fact 4: Obtained Upon The Forfeiture Of Simon DE Montfort By King Edward Leicester.; Fact 4
• Fact 5: Obtained Stewardship Of England And The Lands Of Nicolas DE Segrave.; Fact 5
• Fact 8: M.P. 1276.; Fact 8
• Name: Edmund Of Lancaster
• Fact 6: 26 Oct 1265, 1st Earl Of Lancaster & High Steward Of England.; Fact 6
• Fact 7: 26 Oct 1265, His Father Henry III Invested Him With Earldom Of Leicester.; Fact 7
• Alt. Death: 5 Jun 1296, Bayonne, France; Alt. Death

Notes:

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In 1253 he was invested by the Pope in the Kingdom of Sicily and Apulia, at
about this time he was also made Earl of Chester. These were of little value
as the real King of Sicily was still Undisclosed and the Earldom of Chester was
transfered to his elder brother Edward. He soon obtained, however, both
possessions and dignities, for upon the forfeiture of Simon de Montfort by the
King of the Earldom of Leicester and also the honour of the Stewardship of
England and the lands of Nicolas de Segrave.

REF: Sharon Kay Penman, "The Reckoning": Split with his brother Edward over the latter's decision, after he took Nazareth (1271-1272), to allow his men to kill the Arab townsfolk, in reprisal for the Arabs' massacre of Christians at Jaffa & Antioch.

Edmund married Queen Of Navarr Blanche Capet De Artois in 1276 in Paris, Seine, France. Blanche (daughter of Robert Capet De Artois Ct De Artois, I and Mathilde De Brabant) was born about 1248 in Arras, France; died on 2 May 1302 in Paris, Seine, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Aveline De Forz. Aveline (daughter of William De Forz and Isabel De Redvers) was born between 20 Jan 1258 and 1259; died on 10 Nov 1274 in Stockwell, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Fernando De La Cerda De Castile. Fernando (son of Alfonso X The Wise King Of Castile & LeÛn and Violante De AragÛn) was born after Dec 1255; died in Aug 1275 in Ciudad Real. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Acceded: 1285 As King Of Naples, Sicily & Jerusalem.; Fact 1
• Fact 2: Duke Of Anjou 1285-1290, Abdicated. Count Of Provence.; Fact 2
• Fact 3: Buried In Eglise DE Notre-Dame DE Nazareth.; Fact 3
• Fact 4: Aka Charles Capet.; Fact 4
• Name: Charles II Capet King Of Sicily & Jerusalem

Charles married Maria Of Hungary in 1270. Maria (daughter of Stephen V Of Hungary King Of Hungary and Elizabeth Of Kumanien) was born between 1257 and 1258 in Budapest, Hungary; died on 25 Mar 1323. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Blanche Capet De France. Blanche (daughter of St. Louis IX Capet King Of France and Marguerite Berenger, De Provence) was born on 4 Dec 1240 in Jaffa, Palestine; died on 17 Jun 1320 in Paris, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Sancho married Maria Alfonsa De Molina in Jul 1281 in Toledo, Spain. Maria (daughter of Alfonse De Molina Sn De Molina Y Mesa and Mayor Alfonsa De Meneses) was born after 1260; died on 1 Jul 1321 in Valladolid. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Acceded 1285. Interred St. Denis, France.; Fact 1
• Fact 2: Through Wife Joan Also The King Of Navarre.; Fact 2
• Fact 3: Suppressed & Destroyed The Order Of The Knights Templar, Friday, 13 Oct. 1307.; Fact 3

Philippe married Joan (Juana) I De Navarre Queen Of Navarre on 16 Aug 1284 in Notre Dame DE Paris, France. Joan (daughter of Henri I The Fat De Troyes King Of Navarre and Queen Of Navarr Blanche Capet De Artois) was born between Jan 1271 and 1272 in Bar-Sur-Seine, Aube, France; died on 2 Apr 1305 in Ch‚teau DE Vincennes Paris, Val-DE-Marne, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Acceded: 1290. Buried In Paris St-Jacques.; Fact 1
• Fact 2: Comte DE Valois.; Fact 2
• Alt. Death: 16 Dec 1325, Nogent-Le-Roy; Alt. Death

Charles married Mahaud De Chatillon in 1308. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Charles married Catherine De Courtenay in 1302. Catherine was born in 1274; died in 1308. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Charles married Marguerite De Sicily on 16 Aug 1290 in Corbeil, Marne, France. Marguerite (daughter of Charles II The Lame De Salerno King Of Naples and Maria Of Hungary) was born between 1273 and 1274 in Naples, Sicily; died on 31 Dec 1299. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Founded The Nunnery At Coimbra.; Fact 1
• Fact 2: After Her Husband Died She Was Able To Live As A Nun In The Nunnery At Coimbra.; Fact 2
• Fact 3: She Died Seeking A Peace Between Her Son Alfonso VI & His Son-In-Law; Fact 3
• Fact 4: The King Of Castile.; Fact 4
• Fact 5: Interred: Coimbra.; Fact 5

Isabel married Dionisio (Dennis) The Farmer King Of Portugal on 24 Jun 1282 in Trancoso, Guarda, Portugal. Dionisio (son of Alphonso King Of Portugal & Algarve, III and Beatrice Alfonso De Castile) was born on 9 Oct 1261; died in 1325. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Acceded: 1291.; Fact 1

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Co-Heiress With Her Two Sisters Of Her Brother Gilbert.; Fact 1
• Fact 2: They Split The Lands, Worth Some L6, 000 Gross, Between Them.; Fact 2
• Fact 3: Rec'd Glamorgan & Other Scattered Estates.; Fact 3
• Alt. Birth: 12 Oct 1292, Caerphilly Castle, Glamorganshire, Wales; Alt. Birth
• Alt. Death: 30 Jun 1337; Alt. Death

Notes:

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Michael Altschul, *A Baronial Family in Medieval England: The Clares, 1217-1314*, Baltimore MD (The Johns Hopkins Press) 1965, concerning the partition of the de CLARE estates after the death of the last Gilbert, p 170-171: "Hugh Despenser and Eleanor [Gilbert's sister] received the lordship of Glamorgan, the most important of all the Clare holdings, along with Rotherfield in Sussex and scattered manors in Devon and Somerset. In addition, each heir acquired two-ninths of the liberty of Kilkenny in Ireland, although there is no evidence that any of them every visited it. (P) The death of the countess in the summer of 1320 completed the division of the estates among th heirs. Maud probably died on July 2, and the properties she held in dower must have been partitioned shortly thereafter. Each received an equal portion of her third of Kilkenny. The partition of the Clare estates has been described as "the most important territorial upheaval of the reign." [Denham-Young *Vita Edwardi Secundi, pp xii-xiii*]"

Family/Spouse: William De Mortimer. William (son of Robert De Mortimer and Joyce La Zouche) was born in England; died between 28 Feb 1335 and 1336 in Ashby, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Alianor married Hugh Le Despenser The Younger Lord Despenser in May 1306 in Westminster, England. Hugh (son of Hugh Le Despenser The Elder Earl Of Winchester and Isabella De Beauchamp) was born between 1280 and 1290 in Barton, England; died on 29 Nov 1326 in Hereford, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married Hugh De Audley Earl Of Gloucester on 28 Apr 1317. Hugh (son of James De Audley, Justicular Of Ireland and Ela LongespÈe) was born about 1267 in Of Stratton Audley, Oxfordshire, England; died in 1325. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married Peter De Gaveston on 1 Nov 1307. Peter was born about 1284 in Bearn, Gascony, France; died on 19 Jun 1312 in Beheaded. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Co-Heiress With Her Two Sisters Of Her Brother Gilbert.; Fact 1
• Fact 2: They Split The Lands, Worth Some L6, 000 Gross, Between Them.; Fact 2
• Fact 3: Inherited Clare Honour In East Anglia & Castle Clare From Gilbert DE Clare.; Fact 3

Notes:

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There is conflict between the sources as to whom she actually married.

- Michael Altschul, *A Baronial Family in Medieval England: The Clares, 1217-1314*, Baltimore MD (The Johns Hopkins Press) 1965, concerning the partition of the de CLARE estates after the death of the last Gilbert, p 170-171: Rogery Damory and Elizabeth took the bulk of the honor of Clare in East Anglia, including the castle and manor of Clare and the pleas of the honor court, as well as Cranbourne and the other Dorset manors and boroughs. In addition, each heir acquired two-ninths of the liberty of Kilkenny in Ireland, although there is no evidence that any of them every visited it. (P) The death of the countess in the summer of 1320 completed the division of the estates among th heirs. Maud probably died on July 2, and the properties she held in dower must have been partitioned shortly thereafter. Each received an equal portion of her third of Kilkenny. The partition of the Clare estates has been
described as "the most important territorial upheaval of the reign."
[Denham-Young *Vita Edwardi Secundi, pp xii-xiii*]"

Elizabeth married Ralph De La Roche after 1322. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Elizabeth married John De Burgh on 30 Sep 1308. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Elizabeth married Theobald De Verdun Lord Westmeath between 4 Feb 1315 and 1316 in Near Bristol, England. Theobald (son of Theobald De Verdon Baron Verdun and Margaret (De Verdon)) was born on 8 Sep 1278 in Alton Castle, Staffordshire, England; died on 27 Jul 1316 in Alton, Staffordshire. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Elizabeth married Roger D'amory before 3 May 1317 in Clare Hall, Cambridgeshire, England. Roger (son of Robert D'amory and Unknown) was born about 1284 in Bletchingdon, Oxfordshire, England; died between 12 Mar 1321 and 1322 in Tutbury Castle, Staffordshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Margaret Unknown. Margaret died in May 1349. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Alianor married James Le Botiller Earl Of Ormond in 1327. James (son of Edmund Le Botiller Earl Of Carrick, (Styled) and Joan Fitzgerald) was born in 1305; died between 6 Jan 1337 and 1338. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Thomas De Dagworth. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married Hugh De Courtenay on 11 Aug 1325 in Exeter, Devon, England. Hugh (son of Kt Hugh De Courtenay and Agnes St John) was born on 12 Jul 1303; died on 2 May 1377. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Acceded: 16 Mar 1336/7. Kg. Fought At Crecy.; Fact 1

Notes:

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Faris, Plantagenet Ancestry, page 24, para. 11 & 10.

William married Countess Of Nor Elizabeth De Badlesmere between 1335 and 1338 in Castle Badlesmere, Kent. Elizabeth (daughter of Bartholomew De Badlesmere Baron Badlesmere, V and Margaret De Clare) was born in 1313 in Of Castle, Badlesmere, Kent, England; died on 8 Jun 1356. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Robert De Ferrers Baron Ferrers Of Chartley. Robert (son of John De Ferrers Baron Ferrers Of Chartley and Hawyse De Muscegros) was born on 25 Mar 1309 in Chartley, Staffordshire, England; died on 28 Aug 1350. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Category: English Royalty - Plantagenet Line
• Fact 1: Acceded: 21 Sep 1327, Westminster Abbey, Reigned 1327-1377.; Fact 1
• Fact 2: Interred: Westminster Abbey, London, England.; Fact 2
• Fact 3: Assumed Effective Power In 1330 After Imprisoning His Mother.; Fact 3
• Fact 4: Executed His Mother's Lover Roger DE Mortimer Who Had Murdered His Father (1330); Fact 4
• Fact 5: Therafter His Reign Was Dominated By Military Adventures.; Fact 5
• Fact 6: Great Victory In Scotland At Haildon Hill (1333).; Fact 6
• Fact 7: Planned The Union Of Scotland & England (1363).; Fact 7
• Fact 8: Began The 100 Years War (1337)By Claiming Throne Of France, Thru His Mother.; Fact 8
• Fact 9: His Son John Of Gaunt Dominated The Government During His Last Years.; Fact 9
• Name: Edward III Plantagenet

Notes:

Acceded 1327-1377.

Edward III
Edward III (reigned 1327-77) was 14 when he was crowned King and assumed government in his own right in 1330. In 1337, Edward created the Duchy of Cornwall to provide the heir to the throne with an income independent of the sovereign or the state. An able soldier, and an inspiring leader, Edward founded the Order of the Garter in 1348.
At the beginning of the Hundred Years War in 1337, actual campaigning started when the King invaded France in 1339 and laid claim to the throne of France. Following a sea victory at Sluys in 1340, Edward overran Brittany in 1342 and in 1346 he landed in Normandy defeating the French King, Philip IV, at the Battle of CrÈcy and his son Edward (the Black Prince) repeated his success at Poitiers (1356). By 1360 Edward controlled over a quarter of France. His successes consolidated the support of the nobles, lessened criticism of the taxes, and improved relations with Parliament. However, under the 1375 Treaty of Bruges the French King, Charles V, reversed most of the English conquests; Calais and a coastal strip near Bordeaux were Edward's only lasting gain.

Failure abroad provoked criticism at home. The Black Death plague outbreaks of 1348-9, 1361-2 and 1369 inflicted severe social dislocation (the King lost a daughter to the plague) and caused deflation; severe laws were introduced to attempt to fix wages and prices. In 1376, the 'Good Parliament' (which saw the election of the first Speaker to represent the Commons) attacked the high taxes and criticised the King's advisers. The ageing King withdrew to Windsor for the rest of his reign, eventually dying at Sheen Palace, Surrey.
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Reference number Washington-23532.

REF: British Monarchy Official Website: Edward III (reigned 1327-77) was 14 when he was crowned king and assumed government in his own right in 1330. An able soldier, and an inspiring leader, Edward founded the Order of the Garter in1348. At the beginning of the Hundred Years War, the king invaded France in 1338. At first, Edward was unsuccessful, but in 1346 he landed in
Normandy defeating the French king, Philip IV, at the Battle of Crecy and again at Poitiers (1356). By 1360 Edward controlled over a quarter of France. His successes consolidated the support of the nobles, lessened criticism of the taxes, and improved relations with Parliament. However, by 1374 the French king, Charles V, had reversed most of the English conquests. Failure abroad
provoked criticism at home. In 1376, the 'Good Parliament' (which saw the election of the first Speaker to represent the Commons) attacked the high taxes and criticised the king's advisers. The ageing king withdrew to Windsor for the rest of his reign.

REF: "Royal Descents of Famous People" Mark Humphreys: Edward III is "often described as the ancestor of the British upper middle class" (Steve Jones' estimate, Burkes Press)...I have seen it quoted that 80% of the population of England is descended from Edward III, but Steve Jones' estimate (for Britain) above would imply the figure is considerably lower. Jones book "In the Blood: God, Genes, & Destiny" 1996, estimates that 25% of the population of Britain is descended from William the Conqueror. Consider you need two parents, four grandparents, etc. Assuming an average of abt 25 years per generation, you only need go back to 1200, quite within historical times, to need more separate ancestors than the population of the world. Therefor we all must descend from cousin marriages, many times over, even within the last few hundred years. Davenport claimed "no people of English descent are more distantly related than 30th cousins".

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Reference number Washington-23532.

REF: British Monarchy Official Website: Edward III (reigned 1327-77) was 14 when he was crowned king and assumed government in his own right in 1330. An able soldier, and an inspiring leader, Edward founded the Order of the Garter in1348. At the beginning of the Hundred Years War, the king invaded France in 1338. At first, Edward was unsuccessful, but in 1346 he landed in
Normandy defeating the French king, Philip IV, at the Battle of Crecy and again at Poitiers (1356). By 1360 Edward controlled over a quarter of France. His successes consolidated the support of the nobles, lessened criticism of the taxes, and improved relations with Parliament. However, by 1374 the French king, Charles V, had reversed most of the English conquests. Failure abroad
provoked criticism at home. In 1376, the 'Good Parliament' (which saw the election of the first Speaker to represent the Commons) attacked the high taxes and criticised the king's advisers. The ageing king withdrew to Windsor for the rest of his reign.

REF: "Royal Descents of Famous People" Mark Humphreys: Edward III is "often described as the ancestor of the British upper middle class" (Steve Jones' estimate, Burkes Press)...I have seen it quoted that 80% of the population of England is descended from Edward III, but Steve Jones' estimate (for Britain) above would imply the figure is considerably lower. Jones book "In the Blood: God, Genes, & Destiny" 1996, estimates that 25% of the population of Britain is descended from William the Conqueror. Consider you need two parents, four grandparents, etc. Assuming an average of abt 25 years per generation, you only need go back to 1200, quite within historical times, to need more separate ancestors than the population of the world. Therefor we all must descend from cousin marriages, many times over, even within the last few hundred years. Davenport claimed "no people of English descent are more distantly related than 30th cousins".

Edward married Philippe De Hainault between 24 Jan 1327 and 1328 in York Minster, York, Yorkshire, England. Philippe (daughter of Guillaume III Le Bon Ct De Hainault & Holland and Jeanne De Valois) was born on 24 Jun 1311 in Valenciennes, Hainault, Belgium; died on 14 Aug 1369 in Windsor Castle, Windsor, Berkshire, England; was buried in Wesminster, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Reynold Duke Of Gueldres, II. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: David King Of Scotland, II. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Acceded 29 Sept 1397.; Fact 1
• Fact 2: Eventual Sole Heiress Of Her Father.; Fact 2
• Name: Margaret Marshal Plantagenet Dss Of Norfolk
• Alt. Birth: Between 1320 and 1322, England; Alt. Birth
• Alt. Death: 24 May 1398, England; Alt. Death

Margaret married John De Segrave Baron Segrave, II about 1337. John (son of Stephen De Segrave Baron Segrave, II and Alice De Arundel) was born in 1315 in Norfolk, England; died between 20 Mar 1352 and 1353. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Known As "The Fair Maid Of Kent"; Fact 1
• Alt. Birth: 29 Sep 1328; Alt. Birth