Henry I Beauclerc King Of England

Other Events and Attributes:

• Category: English Royalty - Norman Line
• Fact 1: Acceded: Aug 6, 1100, Westminster Abbey, London, England.; Fact 1
• Fact 10: A Hard But Just Ruler. Known As "Beauclerk" Or "The Lion Of Justice."; Fact 10
• Fact 11: No Proof Implicating Him In Death Of Elder Brother, William II Rufus.; Fact 11
• Fact 13: By End Of Reign, He Was The Lord Of England, Normandy And Maine.; Fact 13
• Fact 2: Interred: Reading Abbey, Which He Founded. Duke Of Normandy 1106-1135.; Fact 2
• Fact 3: Reigned As King Of England 1100-1135. Restrained Growing Power Of The Barons.; Fact 3
• Fact 4: United Saxons & Normans Under One Rule & Began A Sense Of English Nationalism.; Fact 4
• Fact 5: Reign Is Notable For Important Legal And Administrative Reforms.; Fact 5
• Fact 6: Known For Final Resolution Of The Investiture Controversy.; Fact 6
• Fact 7: Waged Several Wars To Consolidate And Expand His Continental Possesions.; Fact 7
• Fact 8: Was So Hated By His Brothers That They Vowed To Disinherit Him.; Fact 8
• Fact 9: Captured Robert II Curthose His Brother (1106) & Held Him Until He (Robert)Died.; Fact 9
• Alt. Birth: 1068, Selby, Yorkshire, England; Alt. Birth
• Acceded: 1100, Westminster Abbey, London, En
• Fact 12: 28 Sep 1106, Defeated Brother Robert At Battle Of Tenchebrai & Usurped Duchy Of Normandy.; Fact 12
• Alt. Death: 1 Dec 1135, Gisors, France; Alt. Death

Notes:

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REF: British Monarchy Official Website: After William's death while hunting in the New Forest in 1100, his younger brother, Henry I (reigned 1100-35), succeeded to the throne. By 1106 he had captured Normandy from his brother,
Robert, who then spent the last 28 years of his life as his brother's prisoner. An energetic and decisive ruler, Henry centralised the administration of
England and Normandy in the royal court, and extended royal powers of patronage.
Acceded 1100-1135.

Henry I
William's younger brother Henry (reigned 1100-35) succeeded to the throne. He was crowned three days after his brother's death, against the possibility that his eldest brother Robert might claim the English throne. After the decisive battle of Tinchebrai in 1106 in France, Henry completed his conquest of Normandy from Robert, who then (unusually even for that time) spent the last 28 years of his life as his brother's prisoner. An energetic, decisive and occasionally cruel ruler, Henry centralised the administration of England and Normandy in the royal court, using 'viceroys' in Normandy and a group of advisers in England to act on his behalf when he was absent across the Channel. Henry successfully sought to increase royal revenues, as shown by the official records of his exchequer (the Pipe Roll of 1130, the first exchequer account to survive). He established peaceful relations with Scotland, through his marriage to Mathilda of Scotland.
Henry's name 'Beauclerc' denoted his good education (as the youngest son, his parents possibly expected that he would become a bishop); Henry was probably the first Norman king to be fluent in English. In 1120, his legitimate sons William and Richard drowned in the White Ship which sank in the English Channel. This posed a succession problem, as Henry never allowed any of his illegitimate children to expect succession to either England or Normandy. Henry had a legitimate daughter Matilda (widow of Emperor Henry V, subsequently married to the Count of Anjou). However, it was his nephew Stephen (reigned 1135-54), son of William the Conqueror's daughter Adela, who succeeded Henry after his death allegedly caused by eating too many lampreys (fish) in 1135, as the barons mostly opposed the idea of a female ruler.

Died:
Apparently died from over eating Lampreys, or of food poisoning.

Henry married Adeliza De Lorraine between 29 Jan 1120 and 1121 in Royal Cahpel, Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England. Adeliza (daughter of Godfrey 'A La Barbe' Duc De Brabant, VII and Ide De Namuer Cts De Namuer) was born between 1102 and 1103 in Louvain, Belgium; died on 23 Apr 1151 in Affligem Abbey, Flanders, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Henry married Matilda Canmore Of Scotland on 11 Nov 1100 in Westminster Abbey, London, England. Matilda (daughter of Malcolm III Caennmor King Of Scotland and St. Margaret The Exile Of Wessex) was born in Oct 1079 in Dunfermline, Fifeshire, Scotland; died on 1 May 1118 in Westminster Palace, London, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Isabel (Elizabeth) De Beaumont. Isabel (daughter of Robert De Beaumont De Meulan Earl Of Leicester and Isabella Capet De CrÈpi, De Vermandois) was born after 1102; died after 1172. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Henry married Sybilla Corbert between 1120 and 1130. Sybilla (daughter of Robert Corbert) was born in 1077 in Of Alcester, Warwickshire, England; died after 1157. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Nesta Verch Rhys Pss Of Deheubarth. Nesta (daughter of Rhys Ap Tewdwr Mawr King Of Deheubarth and Gwladys Verch Rhiwallon, Of Powys) was born about 1073 in Of Dynevor, Llandyfeisant, Carmarthenshire, Wales; died about 1114. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Edith Fitzforne. Edith (daughter of Forne Fitzsigulf Lord Greystoke) was born in 1074 in Of Greystoke, Cumberland, England; died in 1152. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Gieva De Tracy. Gieva was born about 1068 in Barnstaple, Devon, England; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Designated Henry I's Heir After Death Of William The Atheling.; Fact 1
• Fact 2: Upon Henry's Death, Stephen Siezed The Throne, & Matilda Invaded England (1139).; Fact 2
• Fact 3: There Followed Inconclusive Civil War Between Stephen & Matilda.; Fact 3
• Fact 4: She & Husband Geoffrey Captured Normandy.; Fact 4
• Fact 5: Treaty Of Wallingford (1152) Made Stephen's Heir Henry, Matilda's Son.; Fact 5
• Fact 6: Acceded: April 1141. Interred: 10 Sep 1169 At Abbey Of Bec.; Fact 6

Notes:

Empress Matilda, also known as the Empress Maude, was a significant figure during the tumultuous period known as the Anarchy in England. Born around February 7, 1102, she was the daughter and heir of King Henry I of England. Let’s delve into her remarkable life:

Early Life and Marriage:
As a child, Matilda was married to the future Holy Roman Emperor Henry V and spent her formative years in Germany.
In 1116, she traveled with the emperor to Italy, where she was controversially crowned empress in St. Peter’s Basilica and acted as the imperial regent.
Challenges and Succession Crisis:
Matilda faced a potential succession crisis when her younger brother, William Adelin, died in the White Ship disaster of 1120.
Upon her widowhood in the Holy Roman Empire, she returned to Normandy, where her father arranged her marriage to Geoffrey of Anjou to secure an alliance.
Claim to the English Throne:
King Henry I nominated Matilda as his heir, but this decision was met with opposition in his Anglo-Norman court.
When Henry I died in 1135, Matilda and Geoffrey faced challenges from the barons.
The throne was ultimately seized by her male cousin, Stephen of Blois, who became King of England with the backing of the English Church.
The Battle for England:
In 1139, Matilda crossed to England, supported by her half-brother Robert of Gloucester and her uncle David I of Scotland.
Her forces captured Stephen at the Battle of Lincoln in 1141, but her attempt to be crowned at Westminster Abbey faced fierce opposition.
Although never formally declared Queen of England, she held the title of “Lady of the English”.
Legacy:
Matilda’s struggle for the throne left a lasting impact on English history.
Her story is one of political intrigue, power struggles, and determination.

She was designated Henry's heir, and on his death (1135), Stephen siezed the
throne and Matilda invaded England (1139) inuagurating a period of
inconclusive civil war. She and he second husband (Geoffrey) captured normandy
and in 1152 the Treaty of Wallingford recognised Henry as Stephen's heir.
Burke says she was betrothed in her eight year (1119) to Henry.

Family/Spouse: Heinrich Emperor Of Germany, V. Heinrich died on 23 May 1125. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Mathilda married Geoffrey IV The Fair Angevin King Of France on 22 May 1127 in Le Mans, France. Geoffrey (son of Fulk V "Le Jeune" Le Grand Ct De Anjou and Ermengard Du Maine Cts De Maine) was born on 24 Nov 1113 in Anjou, France; died on 7 Sep 1151 in Chateau-Du-Loir, Eure-Et-Loire, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Of Talby, Yorkshire, England.; Fact 1

Elizabeth married Fergus De Galloway Lord Galloway in 1124 in Carrick, Ayrshire, Scotland. Fergus was born about 1078 in Galloway, Wigtownshire, Scotland; died on 12 May 1166 in Holyrood Abbey, Edinburgh, Edinburghshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Acceded: Aug 1122. Interred: St. James Priory, Bristol.; Fact 1
• Fact 1: Earl Of Gloucester. Lord Of Corboil.; Fact 1
• Fact 11: When Stephen Became King, Did Homage To Him For English Lands.; Fact 11
• Fact 13: Became Maud's Commander In Chief In The Civil War That Followed.; Fact 13
• Fact 2: Seigneur DE Crelly In Calvados, Normandy.; Fact 2
• Fact 2: Distinguished Soldier & Powerful Magnate In The West Country.; Fact 2
• Fact 3: Lord Of Thoringni, Etc.; Fact 3
• Fact 3: Loyally Supported His Half-Sister Maud In The Civil War With King Stephen.; Fact 3
• Fact 4: Became One Of Stephen's Most Determined Opponents.; Fact 4
• Fact 5: Comte DE Meulan. Known As "The Consul".; Fact 5
• Fact 6: A Founder Of St. James Priory, Bristol.; Fact 6
• Name: Robert De Caen "The Consul" Earl Of Gloucester
• Fact 7: 1119, In Battle Of Bremule Where His Father Defeated Louis VI Of France.; Fact 7
• Fact 8: 1122, Led Force To Capture Brionne Castle Held By Rebels In Normandy.; Fact 8
• Fact 9: 1126, Had Custody Of His Uncle, Robert Of Normandy.; Fact 9
• Fact 10: 1127, Did Homage To 1/2 Sister Maud & Recognized Her As His Father's Heir To Throne.; Fact 10
• Fact 12: 1137, Stephen, Switched Allegiance To Maud.; Quarrelled W

Notes:

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REF: Weis Ancestral Roots (63:26), (124:26), (124A:26), (125:26), (132A:27): He was an illigitimate son of King HENRY I. According to "The Dictionary of National Biography", his mother was probably an unknown French woman. This birth was before HENRY became king. On insufficient grounds some claim his mother to be Nesta, dau. of RHYS AP TEWDR, King of Dehubarth. In his "Complete Peerage", Cockayne is of the opinion that his mother was most likely SIBYL CORBET. He fought at the Battle of Bremule in 1119, where his father defeated King LOUIS VI of France (RIN 1531). In 1122 he was created Earl of Gloucester. In 1123, he led a force to assist in the capture of the castle
of Brionne, which was held by rebel Norman barons. In 1126 he had custody
of the imprisoned rebel, Robert, Duke of Normandy. In 1127 he did homage
to the EMPRESS MATILDA, recognizng her as his father's successor to the
throne. When Stephen was chosen as king over the EMPRESS MATILDA, Robert did homage to him for his English lands. In 1137 he accompanied King Stephen to Normandy where a quarrel ensued. He then threw his support to MATILDA, who was in Normandy, and obtained the surrender of Caen and Bayeux to her husband, GEOFFREY PLANTAGANET, Count of Anjou (RIN 787). In Sep. 1139 he landed in England with MATILDA and took her to Arundel Castle. He became her commander-in-chief in the civil war which followed.
Robert was captured by Stephen's forces, but Stephen had also been previously captured by MATILDA's. The two were returned to their respective camps in an even exchange. MATILDA sent Robert to Anjou to attempt to convince her husband, GEOFFREY, to come to her aid. GEOFFREY
declined to help until he had conquered Normandy, so Robert joined in his
campaign. However, hearing that MATILDA was beseiged at Oxford, he hurried
back to her assistance. He took MATILDA's and GEOFFREY's son, HENRY (the
future King HENRY II) with him. In 1143 Robert defeated Stephen at Wilton
and in 1144 he blockaded Malmesbury, Stephen refusing battle. MATILDA's
support had gradually dwindled, so Robert was unable to continue to press
her cause. In 1147 Robert sent HENRY back to Anjou. Later that year Robert died of fever at Bristol.

Died:
Fever.

Family/Spouse: Sibyl De Montgomerie. Sibyl (daughter of Roger De Montgomerie Earl Of Shrewsbury, II and Mabel Talvas De AlenÁon-BellÍme) was born in 1058 in Montgomery, Wales; died in 1107. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Robert married Mabel Fitzhamon in 1109. Mabel (daughter of Robert Fitzhamon and Sybilla De Montgomery) was born in 1094 in England; died in 1157. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Conan III "Le Gros" Ct De Brittany. Conan (son of Alan IV Fergent Duc De Brittany and Ermengard De Anjou) was born in 1089; died in 1148. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Sybilla married I Alexander Scotland in 1107 in Scotland. Alexander was born in Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Acceded: Apr 1141. Interred: Reading Abbey, Surrey.; Fact 1
• Fact 2: King Arthur Folklore).; Held & Rebuilt Tintagel Manor (Assoc. W
• Alt. Birth: 1112; Alt. Birth
• Alt. Death: 1175, Surrey, England; Alt. Death

Rainald married Beatrice (Mabel) Fitzrichard in 1135. Beatrice (daughter of William Fitzrichard Lord Cardinand) was born in 1114 in Cardinan, Cornwall, England; died in 1162. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Richard De Beaumont Vct De Beaumont-Le-Maine. Richard (son of Ralph V De Beaumont Vct De Beaumont-Le-Maine) died after 1145. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

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"Ancestral roots of certain American colonists who came to America before 1700", Weis, 1992, seventh edition.
"Royal Ancestors of Some American Families", Michel L. Call.

Died:
Killed.

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Unknown. was born about 1101 in England; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Acceded: 1164. 5Th Earl Of Surrey.; Fact 1
• Fact 2: Interred: Chapter House, Lewes, Sussex.; Fact 2
• Fact 3: Assumed The Name Of Warren And Became The Earl Of Warren.; Fact 3
• Fact 4: Viscomte Of Touraine.; Fact 4
• Name: Hamelin Plantagenet D' Anjou Earl Of Surrey

Notes:

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See Early Yorkshire Charters Vol viii pp20-24 for daughters details.

Hamelin married Isabel De Warenne in Apr 1164. Isabel (daughter of William De Warenne Earl Of Warren & Surrey, III and Ala Talvas, De AlenÁon) was born in 1137 in Surrey, England; died on 12 Jul 1203 in Lewes, Sussex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Category: English Royalty - Plantagenet Line
• Fact 1: Reigned 25 Oct 1154-1189. Invested As Duke Of Nomandy By His Parents In 1150.; Fact 1
• Fact 10: Count Of Anjou & Aquitaine.; Fact 10
• Fact 2: Ruled An Empire That Stretched From The Tweed To The Pyrenees.; Fact 2
• Fact 3: Numerous Quarrels With French King, & His Own Family.; Fact 3
• Fact 4: Quarreled With Thomas Becket.; Fact 4
• Fact 5: Beat Rebellious Barons (Culminating In The Great Revolt Of 1173-74).; Fact 5
• Fact 6: Retained Control Of His Possessions Until Shortly Before His Death.; Fact 6
• Fact 7: Important Judicial & Admin. Reforms Incr. Power Of King At The Expense Of Barons; Fact 7
• Fact 8: Introduced Trial By Jury.; Fact 8
• Fact 9: Also The 11Th Duke Of Normandy. Buried At Fontevrault, France.; Fact 9
• Name: Henry II Curtmantle King Of England
• Name: Henry II Plantagenet
• Acceded: 1154, Westminster Abbey, London, England

Notes:

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Source: 'The World Book Encyclopedia', 1968, p H178. 'Royalty for Commoners', Roderick W. Stuart, 1993, p 37-38. Reigned 1154-1189. He ruled an empire that stretched from the Tweed to the Pyrenees. In spite of frequent hostitilties with the French King his own family and rebellious Barons (culminating in the great revolt of 1173-74) and his quarrel with Thomas Becket, Henry maintained control over his possessions until shortly before his death. His judicial and administrative reforms which increased Royal control and influence at the expense of the Barons were of great constitutional importance. Introduced trial by Jury. Duke of Normandy. Henry II 'Curt Mantel,' Duke of Normandy, Count of Maine and Anjou, King Of England became king in 1154. At the height of his power, Henry ruled England and almost all western France. His marriage to Eleanor of Aquitaine, the most famous woman of the age, brought the duchy of Aquitaine under his control. Henry also claimed to rule Scotland, Wales, and eastern Ireland. Henry II carried on his grandfather's policy of limiting the power of the nobles. He also tried to make the Roman Catholic Church in England submit to his authority. This policy brought him into conflict with Thomas a Becket, Achbishop of Canterbury. Four of the king's knights murdered Becket while he was at vespers in his cathedral. Henry made Anglo-Saxon common law, rather than the revised Roman law, the supreme law of the land. He introduced trial by jury and circuit courts. In his later years, Henry's sons often rebelled against him. Two of them, Richard the Lion-Hearted and John, became the next two kings of England.

REF: "Falls the Shadow" Sharon Kay Penman: William the Conqueror requested a large number of Jews to move to England after his conquest. They spoke Norman & did well under his reign. They continued to thrive under William's grandson Henry II.

REF: British Monarchy Official Website: Henry II (reigned 1154-89) ruled over an empire which stretched from the Scottish border to the Pyrenees. Married to Eleanor, the heiress of Aquitaine, the king spent only 13 years of his reign
in England; the other 21 years were spent on the continent in his territories in what is now France. By 1158, Henry had restored to the crown some of the lands and royal power lost by Stephen. For example, locally chosen sheriffs were changed into royally appointed agents charged with enforcing the law and collecting taxes in the counties. Personally interested in government and law, Henry strengthened royal justice, making use of juries and re-introduced the sending of justices (judges) on regular tours of the country to try cases for the
Crown. His legal reforms have led him to be seen as the founder of English Common Law. Henry's disagreements with his Archbishop of Canterbury,
Thomas Becket, over Church/State relations ended in Becket's murder in 1170. Family disputes almost wrecked the king's achievements and he died in 1189 at war with his sons.

Acceded 1154 - 1189.

Henry II
Henry II (reigned 1154-89) ruled over an empire which stretched from the Scottish border to the Pyrenees. One of the strongest, most energetic and imaginative rulers, Henry was the inheritor of three dynasties who had acquired Aquitaine by marriage; his charters listed them: 'King of the English, Duke of the Normans and Aquitanians and Count of the Angevins'. The King spent only 13 years of his reign in England; the other 21 years were spent on the continent in his territories in what is now France. Henry's rapid movements in carrying out his dynastic responsibilities astonished the French King, who noted 'now in England, now in Normandy, he must fly rather than travel by horse or ship'.
By 1158, Henry had restored to the Crown some of the lands and royal power lost by Stephen; Malcom IV of Scotland was compelled to return the northern counties. Locally chosen sheriffs were changed into royally appointed agents charged with enforcing the law and collecting taxes in the counties. Personally interested in government and law, Henry made use of juries and re-introduced the sending of justices (judges) on regular tours of the country to try cases for the Crown. His legal reforms have led him to be seen as the founder of English Common Law.

Henry's disagreements with the Archbishop of Canterbury (the king's former chief adviser), Thomas ‡ Becket, over Church-State relations ended in Becket's murder in 1170 and a papal interdict on England. Family disputes over territorial ambitions almost wrecked the king's achievements. Henry died in France in 1189, at war with his son Richard who had joined forces with king Philip of France to attack Normandy.
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Source: 'The World Book Encyclopedia', 1968, p H178. 'Royalty for Commoners', Roderick W. Stuart, 1993, p 37-38. Reigned 1154-1189. He ruled an empire that stretched from the Tweed to the Pyrenees. In spite of frequent hostitilties with the French King his own family and rebellious Barons (culminating in the great revolt of 1173-74) and his quarrel with Thomas Becket, Henry maintained control over his possessions until shortly before his death. His judicial and administrative reforms which increased Royal control and influence at the expense of the Barons were of great constitutional importance. Introduced trial by Jury. Duke of Normandy. Henry II 'Curt Mantel,' Duke of Normandy, Count of Maine and Anjou, King Of England became king in 1154. At the height of his power, Henry ruled England and almost all western France. His marriage to Eleanor of Aquitaine, the most famous woman of the age, brought the duchy of Aquitaine under his control. Henry also claimed to rule Scotland, Wales, and eastern Ireland. Henry II carried on his grandfather's policy of limiting the power of the nobles. He also tried to make the Roman Catholic Church in England submit to his authority. This policy brought him into conflict with Thomas a Becket, Achbishop of Canterbury. Four of the king's knights murdered Becket while he was at vespers in his cathedral. Henry made Anglo-Saxon common law, rather than the revised Roman law, the supreme law of the land. He introduced trial by jury and circuit courts. In his later years, Henry's sons often rebelled against him. Two of them, Richard the Lion-Hearted and John, became the next two kings of England.

REF: "Falls the Shadow" Sharon Kay Penman: William the Conqueror requested a large number of Jews to move to England after his conquest. They spoke Norman & did well under his reign. They continued to thrive under William's grandson Henry II.

REF: British Monarchy Official Website: Henry II (reigned 1154-89) ruled over an empire which stretched from the Scottish border to the Pyrenees. Married to Eleanor, the heiress of Aquitaine, the king spent only 13 years of his reign
in England; the other 21 years were spent on the continent in his territories in what is now France. By 1158, Henry had restored to the crown some of the lands and royal power lost by Stephen. For example, locally chosen sheriffs were changed into royally appointed agents charged with enforcing the law and collecting taxes in the counties. Personally interested in government and law, Henry strengthened royal justice, making use of juries and re-introduced the sending of justices (judges) on regular tours of the country to try cases for the
Crown. His legal reforms have led him to be seen as the founder of English Common Law. Henry's disagreements with his Archbishop of Canterbury,
Thomas Becket, over Church/State relations ended in Becket's murder in 1170. Family disputes almost wrecked the king's achievements and he died in 1189 at war with his sons.

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Source: 'The World Book Encyclopedia', 1968, p H178. 'Royalty for Commoners', Roderick W. Stuart, 1993, p 37-38. Reigned 1154-1189. He ruled an empire that stretched from the Tweed to the Pyrenees. In spite of frequent hostitilties with the French King his own family and rebellious Barons (culminating in the great revolt of 1173-74) and his quarrel with Thomas Becket, Henry maintained control over his possessions until shortly before his death. His judicial and administrative reforms which increased Royal control and influence at the expense of the Barons were of great constitutional importance. Introduced trial by Jury. Duke of Normandy. Henry II 'Curt Mantel,' Duke of Normandy, Count of Maine and Anjou, King Of England became king in 1154. At the height of his power, Henry ruled England and almost all western France. His marriage to Eleanor of Aquitaine, the most famous woman of the age, brought the duchy of Aquitaine under his control. Henry also claimed to rule Scotland, Wales, and eastern Ireland. Henry II carried on his grandfather's policy of limiting the power of the nobles. He also tried to make the Roman Catholic Church in England submit to his authority. This policy brought him into conflict with Thomas a Becket, Achbishop of Canterbury. Four of the king's knights murdered Becket while he was at vespers in his cathedral. Henry made Anglo-Saxon common law, rather than the revised Roman law, the supreme law of the land. He introduced trial by jury and circuit courts. In his later years, Henry's sons often rebelled against him. Two of them, Richard the Lion-Hearted and John, became the next two kings of England.

REF: "Falls the Shadow" Sharon Kay Penman: William the Conqueror requested a large number of Jews to move to England after his conquest. They spoke Norman & did well under his reign. They continued to thrive under William's grandson Henry II.

REF: British Monarchy Official Website: Henry II (reigned 1154-89) ruled over an empire which stretched from the Scottish border to the Pyrenees. Married to Eleanor, the heiress of Aquitaine, the king spent only 13 years of his reign
in England; the other 21 years were spent on the continent in his territories in what is now France. By 1158, Henry had restored to the crown some of the lands and royal power lost by Stephen. For example, locally chosen sheriffs were changed into royally appointed agents charged with enforcing the law and collecting taxes in the counties. Personally interested in government and law, Henry strengthened royal justice, making use of juries and re-introduced the sending of justices (judges) on regular tours of the country to try cases for the
Crown. His legal reforms have led him to be seen as the founder of English Common Law. Henry's disagreements with his Archbishop of Canterbury,
Thomas Becket, over Church/State relations ended in Becket's murder in 1170. Family disputes almost wrecked the king's achievements and he died in 1189 at war with his sons.

(Medical):Reddish hair & fair complected.

Henry married Ida (Isabel) Plantagenet about 1176. Ida (daughter of Hamelin Plantagenet De Anjou Earl Of Surrey and Isabel De Warenne) was born in 1154 in Of Norfolk, England; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Rosamund Joan Clifford. Rosamund was born in England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Henry married Eleanor De Aquitaine Dss De Aquitaine on 18 May 1152 in Bordeaux Cathedral, Bordeaux, France. Eleanor (daughter of X Guillaume X Le Toulousan Duc De Aquitaine and Eleanor (Aenor) De Chastellerault) was born in 1123 in Chateau DE Belin, Gironde, Aquitaine; died on 31 Mar 1204 in Mirabell Castle, Fontevrault, Anjou, France; was buried in Fontrevrault Abbey, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Died:
Murdered by his paternal nephew Malcolm.

Uchtred married Gunnild Of Dunbar about 1156 in Dunbar, East Lothian, Scotland. Gunnild (daughter of Waltheof Of Dunbar Abbot Of Crowland and Sigrid (Of Allerdale)) was born about 1104 in Of Allerdale, Dunbar, East Lothian, Scotland; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: 2ND Earl.; Fact 1
• Fact 2: Earl Of Chester.; Fact 2
• Name: William Fitzrobert Earl Of Chester

William married Hawise De Paganel De Beaumont in 1150 in Of Leicestershire, England. Hawise (daughter of Robert "Bossu" De Beaumont Earl Of Leicester and Amice De Gael Cts Of Leicf) was born between 1129 and 1134 in Of Leicester, Leicestershire, England; died on 24 Apr 1197. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Maud married Ranulf IV De Gernon Earl Of Chester in 1141. Ranulf (son of Ranulf Le Meschines Earl Of Chester, III and Lucy Taillebois) was born in 1100 in Castle Of Gernon, Normandy, France; died on 16 Dec 1153 in England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

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Niece of Robert of Gloucester.

Family/Spouse: William Fitzalan Baron Oswestry. William (son of Alan Fitzflaald Baron Oswestry and Adeliza De Hesdin, Of Shropshire) was born between 1090 and 1105; died between 1160 and 1172. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Alan The Black Of Richmond Earl Of Richmond. Alan (son of Stephen Comes Britanniae Lord Richmond and Hawise De Guincamp) was born in 1096 in Of Brittany, France; died on 15 Sep 1146. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Beatrice married William De Briwere Lord Horsley, II in 1174 in Stoke, Devon, England. William (son of Henry De Briwere and Daughter De Walton) was born in 1145 in Stoke, Devon, England; died between 1226 and 1232 in , Devon, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Seigneur DE Beaumont-Le-Vicomte, Fresnay & Ste. Suzanne.; Fact 1

Family/Spouse: Daughter De L' Aigle. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Agnes (Du Maine). [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

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"Ancestral roots of certain American colonists who came to America before 1700", Weis, 1992, seventh edition.
"Royal Ancestors of Some American Families", Michel L. Call.

Family/Spouse: Walter De Riddlesford Lord Moulenford. Walter was born in Of Carriebenan, Kildare, Ireland; died after 1226. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: John De Sudeley. John (son of Harold Ewias and Matilda Lupus) was born in 1103 in Sudeley Castle, Gloucestershire, England; died in 1140. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

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Some sources say that it was Hamelin's daughter who married Roger de Bigod.
The complete Peerage, that can usually be trusted makes no reference to this
marriage, and nor does Weir.

Ida married Roger Le Bigod Earl Of Norfolk in 1185. Roger (son of Hugh Le Bigod Earl Of Norfolk and Juliana De Vere) was born in 1150 in Of Norfolk, England; died on 2 Aug 1221 in Thetford, Norfolk, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Ida married Henry II Plantagenet De Anjou King Of England about 1176. Henry (son of Geoffrey IV The Fair Angevin King Of France and Empress Mathilda (Adelaide)) was born between 5 Mar 1132 and 1133 in Le Mans, Sarthe, France; died on 6 Jul 1189 in Chinon, Indre-Et-Loire, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Alias Maude Plantagenet.; Fact 1
• Fact 2: Buried At Abbey Of Valmont, Normandy.; Fact 2
• Name: Maud De Warenne Plantagenet

Family/Spouse: Henry De Eu Lord Hastings, II. Henry (son of John De Hastings Lord Hastings and Alice De Albini) was born in Hastings, England; died between 16 Mar 1182 and 1183 in Hastings, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alt. Birth: 1166, Of England; Alt. Birth

Notes:

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Suzanne is a fictional placeholder, to mark the fact that either a woman
named Suzanne -or- and unnamed sister of William de Warenne was the mother
of Richard.

Family/Spouse: John Lackland Plantagenet King Of England. John (son of Henry II Plantagenet De Anjou King Of England and Eleanor De Aquitaine Dss De Aquitaine) was born on 24 Dec 1167 in Beaumont Palace, Oxfordshire, England; died on 19 Oct 1216 in Newark Castle, Lincolnshire, England; was buried in Worcester Cathedral. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Acceded: 1202. 6Th Earl Of Surrey.; Fact 1
• Fact 2: Interred: Lewes Priory, Lewes, Sussex.; Fact 2
• Fact 3: Aka William DE Warenne Plantagenet.; Fact 3
• Fact 5: Named In The Magna Charta, 1215.; Fact 5
• Name: William De Warenne Earl Of Surrey IV
• Fact 4: Jun 1216, Recanted Allegiance To John & Ackowledged Prince Louis Capet Of France As King.; Fact 4

Notes:

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See the second edition of Cokayne's Complete Peerage, vol. XII, part 1, p. 503.

William married Maud (Matilda) Marshal before 13 Oct 1225. Maud (daughter of William Marshal Earl Of Pembroke and Isabel De Clare Cts De Strigoil) was born about 1192 in Of Pembroke, Pembrokeshire, Wales; died on 27 Mar 1248. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Acceded: Amesbury, Wiltshire.; Fact 1
• Fact 2: Buried In Salisbury Cathedral.; Fact 2
• Fact 4: Marked The End Of John's Attempts To Reclaim Continental Possessions.; Fact 4
• Fact 6: Taken Prisoner By Philippe Augustus & Ransomed By John.; Fact 6
• Fact 8: Of Sutton, Northampton, England.; Fact 8
• Name: William Longspee Prince Of England
• Fact 3: Jul 1214, Suffered Disastrous Defeat By French At Valenciennes.; Fact 3
• Fact 5: Jul 1214, Led A Brave Charge Attempting Rescue Of Renaud DE Dammartin.; Fact 5
• Fact 7: Jun 1216, Forsook His Brother John & Recognized Louis Capet As King At Winchester.; Fact 7

Notes:

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Some sources show him being born about 1173.
Some sources show death 07 March 1224/25.

William married Ela Fitzpatrick Cts De Salisbury in 1198 in Salisbury, Wiltshire, England. Ela (daughter of William Fitzpatrick De Earl Of Salisbury and Alianor De Vitrei) was born between 1187 and 1191 in Amesbury, Wiltshire, England; died on 24 Aug 1261 in Lacock Abbey, Wiltshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Ela Fitzpartick. Ela was born in 1196; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Henry married Marguerite De FranceNormandy, France. Marguerite (daughter of Louis VII Capet Le Jeune King Of France and Constance De Castille) was born in 1158; died in 1197. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Maud married V Henrrich Von Sachsen Duke Of SaxonyEngland. Henrrich was born in England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Category: English Royalty - Plantagenet Line

Notes:

Acceded 1189-1199.

Richard I Coeur de Lion (the Lionheart)
Henry's elder son, Richard I (reigned 1189-99), fulfilled his main ambition by going on crusade in 1190, leaving the ruling of England to others. After his victories over Saladin at the siege of Acre and the battles of Arsuf and Jaffa, concluded by the treaty of Jaffa (1192), Richard was returning from the Holy Land when he was captured in Austria later that year. In early 1193, Richard was transferred to emperor Henry VI's custody.
In Richard's absence, king Philip of France failed to obtain Richard's French possessions through invasion or negotiation. In England, Richard's brother John occupied Windsor Castle and prepared an invasion of England by Flemish mercenaries, accompanied by armed uprisings. Their mother queen Eleanor took firm action against John by strengthening garrisons and again exacting oaths of allegiance to the king. John's subversive activities were ended by the payment of a crushing ransom of 150,000 marks of silver to the emperor, for Richard's release in 1194. Warned by Philip's famous message 'look to yourself, the devil is loosed', John fled to the French court.

On his return to England, Richard was recrowned at Winchester in 1194. Five years later he died in France during a minor siege against a rebellious baron. By the time of his death, Richard had recovered all his lands. His success was short-lived. In 1199 his brother John became king and Philip successfully invaded Normandy. By 1203, John had retreated to England, losing his French lands of Normandy and Anjou by 1205.

Richard married Berengaria De Navarre on 12 May 1191. Berengaria (daughter of Sancho VI The Wise De Navarre King Of Navarre and Sancha (Beatrice) Alfonsa De Castile) was born about 1163; died about 1230 in Espans Abbey, Le Mans, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Constance De Bretagne Duchess Of Brittany. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Alianor married Alfonso VIII De Castile King Of Castile on 21 Sep 1177 in Burgos, Spain. Alfonso (son of Sancho III De Castile King Of Castile and Blanca De Navarre) was born on 11 Nov 1155 in Soria, Castile; died on 6 Oct 1214 in Huelgas, Burgos, Castile, Spain (Near Avevalo). [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Joan married Raymond Ct Of Toulouse, VI in Oct 1196. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Joan married William King Of Sicily, II between 13 Feb 1176 and 1177. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Category: English Royalty - Plantagenet Line
• Fact 1: Acceded: 27 May 1199, Westminster Abbey, London, England.; Fact 1
• Fact 10: Legendary Evil "Prince John" In Robin Hood Story.; Fact 10
• Fact 11: King Of Ireland 1177, Count Of Mortain 1189, Earl Of Gloucester 29 Aug 1189.; Fact 11
• Fact 12: Able Administrator, Interested In Fine Points Of The Law.; Fact 12
• Fact 2: Interred: Worcester Cathedral. Died During The Barons War.; Fact 2
• Fact 3: Reigned 1199-1216. Duke Of Normandy, Count Of Anjou.; Fact 3
• Fact 4: His Reign Saw Renewal Of War With Phillip II Augustus Of France.; Fact 4
• Fact 5: He Lost Several Continental Possessions Incl. Normandy In 1205.; Fact 5
• Fact 6: He Came Into Conflict With His Barons And Was Forced To Sign The Magna Carta.; Fact 6
• Fact 7: Signed Magna Carta In 1215 At Runnymede.; Fact 7
• Fact 8: Repudiation Of The Charter Led To The First Barons War 1215-17.; Fact 8
• Fact 9: Moody, Cruel & Sadistic, But Also Intelligent, Fair, Charitable To The Poor.; Fact 9
• Alt. Death: 19 Oct 1216, Newark Castle, Lincolnshire; Alt. Death

Notes:

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Source: 'The World Book Encyclopedia', 1968, p J110. 'Royalty for ommoners', Roderick W. Stuart, 1993, p 38.: Reigned 1199-1216. Signed Magna Carta in 1215 at Runnymede. His reign saw renewal of war with Phillip II Augustus of France to whom he lost several continental possesions including Normandy by 1205. He came into conflict with his Barons and was forced to Sign the Magna Carta. His later repudiation of the charter led to the first barons war 1215-17 during which John died. Burke says he was born in 1160. John 'Lackland' King Of England was known as one of England's worst kings; however, modern analysis notes he was actually much better than his infamous reputation allows. His barons forced him to grant the famous charter of liberties, Magna Carta, in 1215. He was often cruel, but he showed both administrative and military ability. John succeeded his brother Richard the Lion-Hearted as king of England and duke of Normandy in 1199. His rule began badly. By inept politics and the murder of his nephew Arthur, he lost the allegiance of many of his French barons. King Philip Augustus of France then declared war. In 1205 John was beaten, and lost all the English holdings in France except Aquitaine. John persued a policy in England that brought him into conflict with Pope Innocent III. In 1208 the pope placed England under an interdict, which banned church services. The following year John was excommunicated. The king then showed his capacity for strong rule. He forced Scotland into a subordinate position, kept the Welsh princes in check, and held a firm grip on Ireland. But his foreign favorites, professional troops, and autocratic financial policy stirred up discontent among the English barons. When John failed to reconquer the lost French territories in 1214, most of the barons and many of the clergy revolted. On June 15, 1215, the king was forced to approve the Magna Carta at Runnymede meadow beside the River Thames.
A few months later, John fought the barons. They were aided by Prince Louis of France, heir to Philip Augustus, and appeared certain to win. But John penned his enemies in London and the adjacent counties. He died suddenly in 1216, but his throne was saved for his son, Henry III. Buried in Worcester Cathedral Concubine at Kings Manor House, Oxford, Oxfordshire, England Divorced Isabel Fitzrobert 29 August 1189.

REF: "Falls the Shadow" Sharon Kay Penman: William the Conqueror requested a large number of Jews to move to England after his conquest. They spoke Norman & did well under his reign. They continued to thrive under William's grandson Henry II. When Richard was coronated, he did so "in a bath of Jewish blood." John merely taxed them very heavily, "bled them white".

REF: British Monarchy Official Website: Richard's success (at retrieving all of his French possessions taken by Philip Augustus) was short lived. In 1199 his brother, John, became king and Philip successfully invaded Normandy. By 1203 John had retreated to England, losing his French lands of Normandy and Anjou by 1205. John (reigned 1199-1216) was an able administrator interested in law and government but he neither trusted others, nor was trusted by them.
Heavy taxation, disputes with the Church (John was excommunicated by the Pope in 1209) and unsuccessful attempts to recover his French possessions made him unpopular. Many of his barons rebelled and in June 1215 they forced the King to sign a peace treaty accepting their reforms. This treaty, later known as Magna Carta, limited royal powers, defined feudal obligations between the king and the barons, and guaranteed a number of rights. The most influential clauses concerned the freedom of the Church; the redress of grievances of owners and tenants of land; the need to consult the Great Council of the Realm so as to prevent unjust taxation; mercantile and trading relationships; regulation of the machinery of justice so that justice be denied to no one; and the requirement to control the behaviour of royal officials. The most important clauses established the basis of habeas corpus ('you have the body'), i.e. that no one shall beimprisoned except by due process of law, and that 'to no one will we sell, to no one will we refuse or delay right or justice'.
The Charter also established a council of barons who were to ensure that the sovereign observed the Charter, with the right to wage war on him if he did
not. Magna Carta was the first formal document insisting that the sovereign was as much under the rule of law as his people; and that the rights of individuals were to be upheld even against the wishes of the sovereign. As a source of fundamental constitutional principles, Magna Carta came to be seen as an important definition of aspects of English law, and in later centuries as the basis of the liberties of the English people. As a peace treaty Magna Carta was a failure and the rebels invited Louis of France to become their king. When John died in 1216 England was in the grip of civil war.

Acceded 1199-1216.

John and Magna Carta
John (reigned 1199-1216) was an able administrator interested in law and government but he neither trusted others nor was trusted by them. Heavy taxation, disputes with the Church (John was excommunicated by the Pope in 1209) and unsuccessful attempts to recover his French possessions made him unpopular. Many of his barons rebelled and in June 1215 they forced the King to sign a peace treaty accepting their reforms.
This treaty, later known as Magna Carta, limited royal powers, defined feudal obligations between the King and the barons, and guaranteed a number of rights. The most influential clauses concerned the freedom of the Church; the redress of grievances of owners and tenants of land; the need to consult the Great Council of the Realm so as to prevent unjust taxation; mercantile and trading relationships; regulation of the machinery of justice so that justice be denied to no one; and the requirement to control the behaviour of royal officials. The most important clauses established the basis of habeas corpus ('you have the body'), i.e. that no one shall be imprisoned except by due process of law, and that 'to no one will we sell, to no one will we refuse or delay right or justice'.

The Charter also established a council of barons who were to ensure that the Sovereign observed the Charter, with the right to wage war on him if he did not. Magna Carta was the first formal document insisting that the Sovereign was as much under the rule of law as his people; and that the rights of individuals were to be upheld even against the wishes of the sovereign. As a source of fundamental constitutional principles, Magna Carta came to be seen as an important definition of aspects of English law, and in later centuries as the basis of the liberties of the English people.

As a peace treaty Magna Carta was a failure and the rebels invited Louis of France to become their king. When John died in 1216 England was in the grip of civil war.
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Source: 'The World Book Encyclopedia', 1968, p J110. 'Royalty for ommoners', Roderick W. Stuart, 1993, p 38.: Reigned 1199-1216. Signed Magna Carta in 1215 at Runnymede. His reign saw renewal of war with Phillip II Augustus of France to whom he lost several continental possesions including Normandy by 1205. He came into conflict with his Barons and was forced to Sign the Magna Carta. His later repudiation of the charter led to the first barons war 1215-17 during which John died. Burke says he was born in 1160. John 'Lackland' King Of England was known as one of England's worst kings; however, modern analysis notes he was actually much better than his infamous reputation allows. His barons forced him to grant the famous charter of liberties, Magna Carta, in 1215. He was often cruel, but he showed both administrative and military ability. John succeeded his brother Richard the Lion-Hearted as king of England and duke of Normandy in 1199. His rule began badly. By inept politics and the murder of his nephew Arthur, he lost the allegiance of many of his French barons. King Philip Augustus of France then declared war. In 1205 John was beaten, and lost all the English holdings in France except Aquitaine. John persued a policy in England that brought him into conflict with Pope Innocent III. In 1208 the pope placed England under an interdict, which banned church services. The following year John was excommunicated. The king then showed his capacity for strong rule. He forced Scotland into a subordinate position, kept the Welsh princes in check, and held a firm grip on Ireland. But his foreign favorites, professional troops, and autocratic financial policy stirred up discontent among the English barons. When John failed to reconquer the lost French territories in 1214, most of the barons and many of the clergy revolted. On June 15, 1215, the king was forced to approve the Magna Carta at Runnymede meadow beside the River Thames.
A few months later, John fought the barons. They were aided by Prince Louis of France, heir to Philip Augustus, and appeared certain to win. But John penned his enemies in London and the adjacent counties. He died suddenly in 1216, but his throne was saved for his son, Henry III. Buried in Worcester Cathedral Concubine at Kings Manor House, Oxford, Oxfordshire, England Divorced Isabel Fitzrobert 29 August 1189.

REF: "Falls the Shadow" Sharon Kay Penman: William the Conqueror requested a large number of Jews to move to England after his conquest. They spoke Norman & did well under his reign. They continued to thrive under William's grandson Henry II. When Richard was coronated, he did so "in a bath of Jewish blood." John merely taxed them very heavily, "bled them white".

REF: British Monarchy Official Website: Richard's success (at retrieving all of his French possessions taken by Philip Augustus) was short lived. In 1199 his brother, John, became king and Philip successfully invaded Normandy. By 1203 John had retreated to England, losing his French lands of Normandy and Anjou by 1205. John (reigned 1199-1216) was an able administrator interested in law and government but he neither trusted others, nor was trusted by them.
Heavy taxation, disputes with the Church (John was excommunicated by the Pope in 1209) and unsuccessful attempts to recover his French possessions made him unpopular. Many of his barons rebelled and in June 1215 they forced the King to sign a peace treaty accepting their reforms. This treaty, later known as Magna Carta, limited royal powers, defined feudal obligations between the king and the barons, and guaranteed a number of rights. The most influential clauses concerned the freedom of the Church; the redress of grievances of owners and tenants of land; the need to consult the Great Council of the Realm so as to prevent unjust taxation; mercantile and trading relationships; regulation of the machinery of justice so that justice be denied to no one; and the requirement to control the behaviour of royal officials. The most important clauses established the basis of habeas corpus ('you have the body'), i.e. that no one shall beimprisoned except by due process of law, and that 'to no one will we sell, to no one will we refuse or delay right or justice'.
The Charter also established a council of barons who were to ensure that the sovereign observed the Charter, with the right to wage war on him if he did
not. Magna Carta was the first formal document insisting that the sovereign was as much under the rule of law as his people; and that the rights of individuals were to be upheld even against the wishes of the sovereign. As a source of fundamental constitutional principles, Magna Carta came to be seen as an important definition of aspects of English law, and in later centuries as the basis of the liberties of the English people. As a peace treaty Magna Carta was a failure and the rebels invited Louis of France to become their king. When John died in 1216 England was in the grip of civil war.

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Source: 'The World Book Encyclopedia', 1968, p J110. 'Royalty for ommoners', Roderick W. Stuart, 1993, p 38.: Reigned 1199-1216. Signed Magna Carta in 1215 at Runnymede. His reign saw renewal of war with Phillip II Augustus of France to whom he lost several continental possesions including Normandy by 1205. He came into conflict with his Barons and was forced to Sign the Magna Carta. His later repudiation of the charter led to the first barons war 1215-17 during which John died. Burke says he was born in 1160. John 'Lackland' King Of England was known as one of England's worst kings; however, modern analysis notes he was actually much better than his infamous reputation allows. His barons forced him to grant the famous charter of liberties, Magna Carta, in 1215. He was often cruel, but he showed both administrative and military ability. John succeeded his brother Richard the Lion-Hearted as king of England and duke of Normandy in 1199. His rule began badly. By inept politics and the murder of his nephew Arthur, he lost the allegiance of many of his French barons. King Philip Augustus of France then declared war. In 1205 John was beaten, and lost all the English holdings in France except Aquitaine. John persued a policy in England that brought him into conflict with Pope Innocent III. In 1208 the pope placed England under an interdict, which banned church services. The following year John was excommunicated. The king then showed his capacity for strong rule. He forced Scotland into a subordinate position, kept the Welsh princes in check, and held a firm grip on Ireland. But his foreign favorites, professional troops, and autocratic financial policy stirred up discontent among the English barons. When John failed to reconquer the lost French territories in 1214, most of the barons and many of the clergy revolted. On June 15, 1215, the king was forced to approve the Magna Carta at Runnymede meadow beside the River Thames.
A few months later, John fought the barons. They were aided by Prince Louis of France, heir to Philip Augustus, and appeared certain to win. But John penned his enemies in London and the adjacent counties. He died suddenly in 1216, but his throne was saved for his son, Henry III. Buried in Worcester Cathedral Concubine at Kings Manor House, Oxford, Oxfordshire, England Divorced Isabel Fitzrobert 29 August 1189.

REF: "Falls the Shadow" Sharon Kay Penman: William the Conqueror requested a large number of Jews to move to England after his conquest. They spoke Norman & did well under his reign. They continued to thrive under William's grandson Henry II. When Richard was coronated, he did so "in a bath of Jewish blood." John merely taxed them very heavily, "bled them white".

REF: British Monarchy Official Website: Richard's success (at retrieving all of his French possessions taken by Philip Augustus) was short lived. In 1199 his brother, John, became king and Philip successfully invaded Normandy. By 1203 John had retreated to England, losing his French lands of Normandy and Anjou by 1205. John (reigned 1199-1216) was an able administrator interested in law and government but he neither trusted others, nor was trusted by them.
Heavy taxation, disputes with the Church (John was excommunicated by the Pope in 1209) and unsuccessful attempts to recover his French possessions made him unpopular. Many of his barons rebelled and in June 1215 they forced the King to sign a peace treaty accepting their reforms. This treaty, later known as Magna Carta, limited royal powers, defined feudal obligations between the king and the barons, and guaranteed a number of rights. The most influential clauses concerned the freedom of the Church; the redress of grievances of owners and tenants of land; the need to consult the Great Council of the Realm so as to prevent unjust taxation; mercantile and trading relationships; regulation of the machinery of justice so that justice be denied to no one; and the requirement to control the behaviour of royal officials. The most important clauses established the basis of habeas corpus ('you have the body'), i.e. that no one shall beimprisoned except by due process of law, and that 'to no one will we sell, to no one will we refuse or delay right or justice'.
The Charter also established a council of barons who were to ensure that the sovereign observed the Charter, with the right to wage war on him if he did
not. Magna Carta was the first formal document insisting that the sovereign was as much under the rule of law as his people; and that the rights of individuals were to be upheld even against the wishes of the sovereign. As a source of fundamental constitutional principles, Magna Carta came to be seen as an important definition of aspects of English law, and in later centuries as the basis of the liberties of the English people. As a peace treaty Magna Carta was a failure and the rebels invited Louis of France to become their king. When John died in 1216 England was in the grip of civil war.

[large-G675.FTW]

Source: 'The World Book Encyclopedia', 1968, p J110. 'Royalty for ommoners', Roderick W. Stuart, 1993, p 38.: Reigned 1199-1216. Signed Magna Carta in 1215 at Runnymede. His reign saw renewal of war with Phillip II Augustus of France to whom he lost several continental possesions including Normandy by 1205. He came into conflict with his Barons and was forced to Sign the Magna Carta. His later repudiation of the charter led to the first barons war 1215-17 during which John died. Burke says he was born in 1160. John 'Lackland' King Of England was known as one of England's worst kings; however, modern analysis notes he was actually much better than his infamous reputation allows. His barons forced him to grant the famous charter of liberties, Magna Carta, in 1215. He was often cruel, but he showed both administrative and military ability. John succeeded his brother Richard the Lion-Hearted as king of England and duke of Normandy in 1199. His rule began badly. By inept politics and the murder of his nephew Arthur, he lost the allegiance of many of his French barons. King Philip Augustus of France then declared war. In 1205 John was beaten, and lost all the English holdings in France except Aquitaine. John persued a policy in England that brought him into conflict with Pope Innocent III. In 1208 the pope placed England under an interdict, which banned church services. The following year John was excommunicated. The king then showed his capacity for strong rule. He forced Scotland into a subordinate position, kept the Welsh princes in check, and held a firm grip on Ireland. But his foreign favorites, professional troops, and autocratic financial policy stirred up discontent among the English barons. When John failed to reconquer the lost French territories in 1214, most of the barons and many of the clergy revolted. On June 15, 1215, the king was forced to approve the Magna Carta at Runnymede meadow beside the River Thames.
A few months later, John fought the barons. They were aided by Prince Louis of France, heir to Philip Augustus, and appeared certain to win. But John penned his enemies in London and the adjacent counties. He died suddenly in 1216, but his throne was saved for his son, Henry III. Buried in Worcester Cathedral Concubine at Kings Manor House, Oxford, Oxfordshire, England Divorced Isabel Fitzrobert 29 August 1189.

REF: "Falls the Shadow" Sharon Kay Penman: William the Conqueror requested a large number of Jews to move to England after his conquest. They spoke Norman & did well under his reign. They continued to thrive under William's grandson Henry II. When Richard was coronated, he did so "in a bath of Jewish blood." John merely taxed them very heavily, "bled them white".

REF: British Monarchy Official Website: Richard's success (at retrieving all of his French possessions taken by Philip Augustus) was short lived. In 1199 his brother, John, became king and Philip successfully invaded Normandy. By 1203 John had retreated to England, losing his French lands of Normandy and Anjou by 1205. John (reigned 1199-1216) was an able administrator interested in law and government but he neither trusted others, nor was trusted by them.
Heavy taxation, disputes with the Church (John was excommunicated by the Pope in 1209) and unsuccessful attempts to recover his French possessions made him unpopular. Many of his barons rebelled and in June 1215 they forced the King to sign a peace treaty accepting their reforms. This treaty, later known as Magna Carta, limited royal powers, defined feudal obligations between the king and the barons, and guaranteed a number of rights. The most influential clauses concerned the freedom of the Church; the redress of grievances of owners and tenants of land; the need to consult the Great Council of the Realm so as to prevent unjust taxation; mercantile and trading relationships; regulation of the machinery of justice so that justice be denied to no one; and the requirement to control the behaviour of royal officials. The most important clauses established the basis of habeas corpus ('you have the body'), i.e. that no one shall beimprisoned except by due process of law, and that 'to no one will we sell, to no one will we refuse or delay right or justice'.
The Charter also established a council of barons who were to ensure that the sovereign observed the Charter, with the right to wage war on him if he did
not. Magna Carta was the first formal document insisting that the sovereign was as much under the rule of law as his people; and that the rights of individuals were to be upheld even against the wishes of the sovereign. As a source of fundamental constitutional principles, Magna Carta came to be seen as an important definition of aspects of English law, and in later centuries as the basis of the liberties of the English people. As a peace treaty Magna Carta was a failure and the rebels invited Louis of France to become their king. When John died in 1216 England was in the grip of civil war.

(Medical):Dark hair & coloring. Hazel (green/gold) eyes.

Died:
Fever, chills, exhaustion after crossing Wash of Lincoln & Norfolk.

Family/Spouse: Constance De Brittany Dss De Brittany. Constance (daughter of Conan IV La Petit De Brittany Duc De Brittany and Margaret De Huntington Cts De Hereford) was born about 1161; died on 5 Sep 1201 in Nantes, Brittany. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

John married Hawise De Tracy before 1186. Hawise was born in 1168 in England; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

John married Isabella Fitzrobert in 1189. Isabella (daughter of William Fitzrobert Earl Of Gloucester and Hawise De Paganel De Beaumont) died in 1217 in England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Suzanne De Warenne. Suzanne (daughter of Hamelin Plantagenet De Anjou Earl Of Surrey and Isabel De Warenne) was born in 1166 in England; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Agatha De Ferrers. Agatha (daughter of William De Ferrers Earl Of Derby and Sibyl De Braose) was born in 1168 in Charltey, Staffordshire, England; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

John married Isabella Taillefer, De AngoulÍme on 24 Aug 1200 in Bordeaux Cathedral, Gascony, France. Isabella (daughter of Aymer Taillefer De Valence Ct De AngoulÍme and Alice De Courtenay) was born in 1188 in AngoulÍme, Charente, France; died on 31 May 1246 in Fontevrault L'abbe, Maine-Et-Loire, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Between 1189 and 1200, Constable Of Scotland Through Right Of His Wife Eleana DE Morville.; Fact 1

Family/Spouse: Ida LongespÈe. Ida (daughter of William LongespÈe Earl Of Salisbury and Ela Fitzpatrick Cts De Salisbury) was born in 1222 in Of Salisbury, Wiltshire, England; died in 1269. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Roland married Elena De Morville about 1169 in Kirkoswald, Cumberland, England. Elena (daughter of Richard De Morville, Constable Of Scotland and Avice De Lancastria) was born about 1153 in Kirkoswald, Cumberland, England; died on 11 Jun 1217. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Acceded : 1217 On Death Of Her Sister Isabella.; Fact 1
• Alt. Death: Between 1 Jan 1224 and 1225; Alt. Death

Amicia married Richard Fitzroger De Earl Of Hereford about 1180. Richard (son of Roger De Clare The Good Earl Of Hereford and Maud De St. Hilary) was born between 1153 and 1162 in Tunbridge Castle, Kent, England; died on 30 Dec 1218. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Isabella married Hubert De Burgh in 1217 in England. Hubert was born in England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Isabella married John Lackland Plantagenet King Of England in 1189. John (son of Henry II Plantagenet De Anjou King Of England and Eleanor De Aquitaine Dss De Aquitaine) was born on 24 Dec 1167 in Beaumont Palace, Oxfordshire, England; died on 19 Oct 1216 in Newark Castle, Lincolnshire, England; was buried in Worcester Cathedral. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Geoffrey De Mandeville. Geoffrey (son of Geoffrey Fitzpiers Earl Of Essex, De Mandeville and Beatrice De Saye) was born in London, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: 6th Earl Of Chester. Viscomte D' Avranches.; Fact 1
• Fact 2: Rebelled Against King Stephen Depite His Young Son Held Hostage By Stephen.; Fact 2
• Fact 3: Buried At Chester, Cheshire, England.; Fact 3
• Alt. Birth: 1147, Kevelioc, Wales; Alt. Birth

Hugh married Bertrade De Montfort De Evereux in 1169 in Of Montfort, Normandy, France. Bertrade (daughter of Simon De Evereux The Bold Ct De Evereux and Maud Unknown Cts Of Evreux) was born in 1155 in Of Montfort, Eure, France; died on 12 Jul 1189 in Evreux, Eure, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alt. Birth: England; Alt. Birth

Family/Spouse: Isabel De Say Lady Of Clune. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: And Earl Of Richmond. Deposed 1166.; Fact 1

Conan married Margaret De Huntington Cts De Hereford in 1159. Margaret (daughter of Henry Of Huntington Earl Of Huntington and Adelaide (Ada) De Warenne) was born in 1134 in Northumberland, Northumberland, England; died in 1201 in England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Isabel married Baldwin Le Wake Lord Bourne in 1209. Baldwin (son of Baldwin Le Wake Lord Bourne and Agnes De Hummet) was born about 1184 in Of Bourne; died on 13 Jul 1224 in Gascony, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Isabel married Fulbert De Dover Baron Chilham before 1200. Fulbert was born in 1178 in Chilham Castel, Kent, England; died in 1205. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alt. Birth: 1186, England; Alt. Birth

Family/Spouse: Reginald De Braose Baron Abergavenny. Reginald (son of William De Braose Lord Bramber, III and Maud De St. Valerie, De Haye) was born in 1178 in Of Bramber, Sussex, England; died on 9 Jun 1228 in Brecon, Breconshire, Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: William De Percy Baron Percy, IV. William (son of Henry De Percy Baron Percy, I and Isabel Le Brus) was born between 1192 and 1193 in Alnwick, Northumberland; died about 28 Jul 1245. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Heiress Of Beaumont.; Fact 1

Family/Spouse: Louis D' Acre De Brienne Ct De Beaumont. Louis (son of John I De Brienne King Of Jerusalem and Berengaria De LeÛn De Castile) was born about 1235 in Acre, Palestine; died after 1 Sep 1297. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: John I De Brienne King Of Jerusalem. John (son of Erard II De Brienne Ct De Brienne and Agnes De Montfaucon) was born about 1195 in Acre, Palestine; died between 23 Mar 1236 and 1237 in Constantinople, Turkey. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Annora (De Riddlesford). Annora was born about 1206; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Richard De Cogan. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Emma Unknown. Emma was born about 1137 in Castle Sudeley, Gloucestershire, England; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]